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随着转基因技术的飞速发展,越来越多的转基因作物新品种培育成功。转基因作物以其抗病虫、抗除草剂、优质高产及环境友好型等优良性状被广泛种植,而随之引起的一系列生态风险也越来越引起人们的广泛关注。其中,外源基因漂移导致的生态风险问题是转基因作物环境安全性评价的重要内容之一,尤其在转基因作物19年的商业化种植过程中,外源基因漂移风险管理技术在生产中的应用更不容忽视。本文对转基因作物的花粉介导、种子介导、根际分泌物和无性繁殖器官介导等4种外源基因漂移的主要途径及其引起的生态风险和相关控制技术等进行了综述,以期为转基因作物的环境安全评价及生产中的科学监管提供科学依据。
With the rapid development of transgenic technology, more and more new varieties of genetically modified crops are successfully cultivated. Genetically modified crops are widely planted with excellent traits such as pest resistance, herbicide resistance, high yield and environmental friendliness, and a series of ecological risks caused by them are also attracting more and more attention. Among them, the ecological risk caused by exogenous gene drift is one of the important contents of environmental safety assessment of genetically modified crops. Especially in the 19 years of commercial planting of genetically modified crops, the application of exogenous gene drift risk management technology in production Can not be ignored. In this paper, the main approaches of pollination, seed-mediated, rhizospheric secretion and asexual reproduction-mediated exogenous gene transfer of transgenic crops and the ecological risks and related control techniques were reviewed in order to Provide scientific basis for environmental safety assessment of GM crops and scientific supervision in production.