论文部分内容阅读
1978—1981年,研究了用远缘授粉结合生物激素处理的方法对高粱远缘杂交和无融合生殖的效应.母本为0K11A等9个高粱不育系,OK11B1个保持系.远缘花粉分别取自普通小麦、扁豆、向日葵、蚕豆和水稻.使用的激素为赤霉素(GA_3),萘乙酸(NAA) ,或二者混合.授粉和处理后的母本穗大多有子房膨大.当膨大子房开始萎缩时剥开可得到一定频率的胚.在授过粉的129株高粱母本中,有53株(占授粉总数的41.1%)产生了具有萌发能力的胚.其中幼胚数在1%以上的有30株,胚产生频率最高的为10%.从膨大延续19—41天的子房中剥出直径大于2mm的胚,在培养基上都具有萌发能力.高粱品种间产生胚的能力显著不同,而OK11A和OK11B之间的差异不显著.培养基中Kinetin/IAA为4/1时有利于诱导胚直接分化.而2,4—D含量高(>2ppm)有利于诱导愈伤组织产生.仅有两个胚萌发产生的幼苗长成了正常植株.对萌发胚根尖细胞和植株花粉母细胞的细胞学鉴定,和对培养获得植株的植物学观察表明,这种胚为无融合生殖产生的单倍体胚,有些能在培养基中激素作用下自然加倍形成二倍体而长成正常植株.
The effect of distant pollination and apomixis on sorghum hybridization and apomixis was studied from 1978 to 1981. The female parent was 9 sorghum CMS lines 0K11A and OK11B1 maintainer lines.The distant pollen From common wheat, lentils, sunflower, broad bean and rice.The hormones used were GA3, NAA, or a mixture of the two.Most of the female spikes after pollination and treatment had enlargement of the ovary. When the dilated ovary began to atrophy, it could be peeled off to get a certain frequency of embryos.Among the 129 powdery sorghum female parents, 53 (41.1% of pollination) produced germinating embryos, among which the number of immature embryos More than 1% of 30 embryos, the highest frequency of embryo generation was 10% .Exploration of embryos larger than 2 mm in diameter from ovary 19-41 days after ovary enlargement had germination ability on the medium. The ability of embryos was significantly different, but there was no significant difference between OK11A and OK11B. The induction of direct embryogenic differentiation was facilitated by Kinetin / IAA of 4/1 in culture medium, while the high 2,4-D content (> 2ppm) Callus generation. Only two embryos germinated seedlings grew into normal plants on the radicle tip fine Cytological characterization of the plant pollen mother cells and the botanical observation of the plant obtained from the cultivation indicated that the embryos are haploid embryos produced by apomixis and some of them naturally doubly form diploids under the action of hormones in the medium And grow into normal plants.