随着国际贸易的快速发展,货物进出口大量增长,出入境船舶成为医学媒介生物迁移及传播传染病的重要载体,其公共卫生问题严重威胁人类健康,很多国家早就意识到船舶卫生检疫的重要性,在沿海口岸设置海港检疫部门实施卫生检疫。该文综述了船舶主要存在的媒介生物携带、食品和饮用水的污染、压舱水水污染、船员传染病疫情暴发等公共卫生问题及其干预情况。 With the rapid development of international trade, the import and export of goods have witnessed a substantial growth. The entry and exit vessels have become an important vector for the biological migration and spread of infectious diseases in medical media. The public health problem poses a serious threat to human health. Many countries have long realized the importance of sanitary inspection and quarantine In the coastal ports set up quarantine departments of port health quarantine. This article summarizes the public health problems and their interventions such as the carriage of vector organisms, the contamination of food and drinking water, the pollution of ballast water and the outbreak of infectious diseases of seafarers.