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本文讨论城市生活用水的定价问题。我们认为,城市生活用水的定价应能够使得在三个约束(居民的承受能力,制水企业的合理利润,水资源的有限性)之下实现居民福利的最大化并尽可能保持不同收入阶层的人们在水消费方面的平等地位。本文在此考虑之下提出了一种在某种意义上最优的且具有可操作性的定价方法。此方法与已有方法如全成本定价法,影子价格定价法,两部制定价法等相比,所考虑的因素更加全面因而也更加合理。
This article discusses the pricing of urban domestic water. In our opinion, urban domestic water should be priced to maximize the welfare of residents under the three constraints (residents’ affordability, reasonable profits of water-making enterprises, and limited water resources) and to keep as many different income groups as possible People are equal in water consumption. Under this consideration, this paper proposes a kind of optimal and operable pricing method in a certain sense. Compared with the existing methods such as the full cost pricing method, the shadow price pricing method and the two-part pricing method, this method is more comprehensive and therefore more reasonable.