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【摘要】语法填空与短文改错考查相当大一部分涉及到:简单的语法,词性的变化,知识点和句子结构。与学生初中基础有很大的关系,因此这种题型对学校初中英语基础好的学生相当有利,而对农村学校学生相当不利,主要原因:1.农村学校学生初中相对基础薄弱。2.老师认为此题型简单看法,重视不够,方法不当。3.对福建来说是新题型,老师和学生都研究不够。从过去的“选”到现在的“填”对学生是个挑战。4.与学生的整体语感和恐惧高中英语难,信心不够有关。
【关键词】词性;语法;语境一致;常见考查点;解题步骤;备考方法
【作者简介】林龙辉(1971.7- ),男,漳州市长泰县第二中学,中学一级,研究方向:英语教学。
现在我结合2017、2018这几次漳州市,厦门市和福建省质检考试,做以下六大点总结:
一、常见八种词性主要考法
1.名词: 主要考察名词单复数,可数与不可数,所有格,名词前面的修饰词以及跟据后面的it和them或谓语单复数来确定名词单复数。例如:1)There were much grammatical mistakes.
(福建省质检改错much改为many) 2)We didn’t prepare candles or________(match). (漳州市质检语法填空matches) 3)They often get some useful informations from the internet.
(改错informations改为information)。
2.动词:主要考察动词时态(主要是根据时间状语或前后句时态一致),谓语语态,谓语单复数以及非谓语形式。例如:1)The majority of people is friendly.(漳州市质检改错is改为are) 2)Whoever have a dream and dares to seek it is the loveliest person. (福建省质检改错have 改为has)
3.形容词:主要考察形容词当定语修饰名词,当表语,当宾补以及比较级和最高级(尤其前面有even, much, no, a little和any) 例如:1)I enjoyed locally snacks and traditional performances. (廈门质检改错locally改为local) 2)Most reading groups study books by ????? (variety) writers.(福建省质检语法填空various) 3)We should save energy resources so that that could last for much __________(long).(漳州市质检语法填空longer)。
二、常见七种语法主要考法
1.定语从句:主要考察that \ which \who \whom \whose 例如:1)A dragon boat is a human-powered boat_________ is made of teak wood in various designs and sizes.(漳州市质检语法填空that\which) 2)Members may be friends or people_______ live near each other.(福建省质检语法填空that \who ) 3)I have a foreign teacher,______name is Jone.(市质检语法填空whose)
2.名词性从句: 主要考察that/ what\whoever例如:1)I would tell you a bit about you can expect to find.(漳州市质检改错about后加 what) 2)That impressed me most was various types of lanterns.(厦门质检改错That改为what)
3.状语从句:主要考察when/while/ after/ before 例如:The local people began the tradition of throwing rice into the river for QuYuan,______others believed that the rice wound prevent the fishes from eating QuYuan’s body. (漳州市质检语法填空while)
三、主要考查七种语境一致方面
1.人称前后一致例如:It is a good way for us Chinese to know about my traditional culture.(厦门质检改错my改为our)
2.时态前后一致 例如:1)However, all the efforts he made seem in vain . (改错seem改为seemed) 2)What impressed me most was various types of lanterns. I also learn to make a paper lantern. (厦门质检改错learl改为learnt\learned)
3.前后肯定与否定意思一致 例如:You shouldn’t always carry chocolate became it helps you to feel less tired. (改错shouldn’t改为should)
四、解题步骤
1.语法填空。
(1)通读全文,理解大意;(2)判断成分,确定词性;(3)试填空格,先易后难;(4)再读检查,修正错误。
2.短文改错。
(1)快速浏览全文,把握主旨、时态;(2)逐句找错(每个句子错误0-2个),分析句子,找出自己认为的错误并改正;(3)再次通读全文,检查是否存在逻辑方面的错误;(4)检查拼写是否正确,答题是否规范。(5)解题四原则:a.改动以最少为原则;b.虚词以添加或删除为原则;c.实词以改变词形为原则;d.以保持句子原意为原则。
五、备考方法
1.回归基础,查缺补漏,扫除盲点 复习好简单的语法和惯用法。
2.注意小块方面知识,如 动词过去式、过去分词构成,掌握常用的特殊动词过去式和过去分词,名词复数和所有格的构成,动词ing 的构成以及各种代词的熟练用法。
3.熟练各种词性基本用法以及各种句型,平常在阅读中多留意。
4.平常养成语境思考习惯,培养整体语篇能力。
5.加强训练,有效指导,分分计较,多观察,多思考,多总结,多读。
【关键词】词性;语法;语境一致;常见考查点;解题步骤;备考方法
【作者简介】林龙辉(1971.7- ),男,漳州市长泰县第二中学,中学一级,研究方向:英语教学。
现在我结合2017、2018这几次漳州市,厦门市和福建省质检考试,做以下六大点总结:
一、常见八种词性主要考法
1.名词: 主要考察名词单复数,可数与不可数,所有格,名词前面的修饰词以及跟据后面的it和them或谓语单复数来确定名词单复数。例如:1)There were much grammatical mistakes.
(福建省质检改错much改为many) 2)We didn’t prepare candles or________(match). (漳州市质检语法填空matches) 3)They often get some useful informations from the internet.
(改错informations改为information)。
2.动词:主要考察动词时态(主要是根据时间状语或前后句时态一致),谓语语态,谓语单复数以及非谓语形式。例如:1)The majority of people is friendly.(漳州市质检改错is改为are) 2)Whoever have a dream and dares to seek it is the loveliest person. (福建省质检改错have 改为has)
3.形容词:主要考察形容词当定语修饰名词,当表语,当宾补以及比较级和最高级(尤其前面有even, much, no, a little和any) 例如:1)I enjoyed locally snacks and traditional performances. (廈门质检改错locally改为local) 2)Most reading groups study books by ????? (variety) writers.(福建省质检语法填空various) 3)We should save energy resources so that that could last for much __________(long).(漳州市质检语法填空longer)。
二、常见七种语法主要考法
1.定语从句:主要考察that \ which \who \whom \whose 例如:1)A dragon boat is a human-powered boat_________ is made of teak wood in various designs and sizes.(漳州市质检语法填空that\which) 2)Members may be friends or people_______ live near each other.(福建省质检语法填空that \who ) 3)I have a foreign teacher,______name is Jone.(市质检语法填空whose)
2.名词性从句: 主要考察that/ what\whoever例如:1)I would tell you a bit about you can expect to find.(漳州市质检改错about后加 what) 2)That impressed me most was various types of lanterns.(厦门质检改错That改为what)
3.状语从句:主要考察when/while/ after/ before 例如:The local people began the tradition of throwing rice into the river for QuYuan,______others believed that the rice wound prevent the fishes from eating QuYuan’s body. (漳州市质检语法填空while)
三、主要考查七种语境一致方面
1.人称前后一致例如:It is a good way for us Chinese to know about my traditional culture.(厦门质检改错my改为our)
2.时态前后一致 例如:1)However, all the efforts he made seem in vain . (改错seem改为seemed) 2)What impressed me most was various types of lanterns. I also learn to make a paper lantern. (厦门质检改错learl改为learnt\learned)
3.前后肯定与否定意思一致 例如:You shouldn’t always carry chocolate became it helps you to feel less tired. (改错shouldn’t改为should)
四、解题步骤
1.语法填空。
(1)通读全文,理解大意;(2)判断成分,确定词性;(3)试填空格,先易后难;(4)再读检查,修正错误。
2.短文改错。
(1)快速浏览全文,把握主旨、时态;(2)逐句找错(每个句子错误0-2个),分析句子,找出自己认为的错误并改正;(3)再次通读全文,检查是否存在逻辑方面的错误;(4)检查拼写是否正确,答题是否规范。(5)解题四原则:a.改动以最少为原则;b.虚词以添加或删除为原则;c.实词以改变词形为原则;d.以保持句子原意为原则。
五、备考方法
1.回归基础,查缺补漏,扫除盲点 复习好简单的语法和惯用法。
2.注意小块方面知识,如 动词过去式、过去分词构成,掌握常用的特殊动词过去式和过去分词,名词复数和所有格的构成,动词ing 的构成以及各种代词的熟练用法。
3.熟练各种词性基本用法以及各种句型,平常在阅读中多留意。
4.平常养成语境思考习惯,培养整体语篇能力。
5.加强训练,有效指导,分分计较,多观察,多思考,多总结,多读。