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目的了解《中华人民共和国食品安全法》(食品安全法)实施后食物中毒的流行病特征变化,为推动国家法律法规提供依据。方法 2009年6月1日我国开始实施《食品安全法》。该文收集2005—2008年和2010—2013年全国食物中毒事件相关资料进行流行病学比较分析。结果实施前(2005—2008年)全国共发生食物中毒事件1 789起,中毒53 459人,死亡843人;实施后(2010—2013年)全国共发生食物中毒事件734起,中毒27 538人,死亡576人;实施后各指标较实施前分别下降了58.97%、48.50%和31.67%。实施前后中毒起数、人数和死亡人数主要集中在第3季度,占总数的37%~40%。实施前后食物中毒事件发生场所排在前2位的均是家庭和集体单位,但集体单位中毒起数、人数所占比例由原来的33.33%、41.43%下降到实施后的20.71%、35.76%;而家庭中毒起数、人数由原来的37.45%、20.46%上升到实施后的50.00%、25.34%。结论实施《食品安全法》对控制食物中毒事件起到重要作用。
Objective To understand the changes of epidemic characteristics of food poisoning after the implementation of the Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (Food Safety Law) and provide the basis for the promotion of national laws and regulations. Method June 1, 2009 China began implementing the “Food Safety Law.” This article collected 2005-2008 and 2010-2013 national food poisoning related data for epidemiological comparative analysis. Results Before implementation (2005-2008), there were 1 789 food poisoning incidents and 53 459 people were poisoned in the country with 843 deaths. After the implementation (2010-2013), a total of 734 food poisoning incidents occurred in China with 27 538 people being poisoned, 576 deaths. After the implementation, the indicators decreased by 58.97%, 48.50% and 31.67% respectively compared with those before the implementation. Before and after the implementation of poisoning, the number and death toll mainly concentrated in the third quarter, accounting for 37% to 40% of the total. Before and after the implementation of food poisoning incidents occurred in the top two places are families and collective units, but the number of units poisoning, the proportion of the number of people from the original 33.33%, 41.43% down to 20.71% after implementation, 35.76%; The number of domestic poisoning, the number increased from 37.45%, 20.46% to 50.00%, 25.34% after the implementation. Conclusion The implementation of the Food Safety Law plays an important role in controlling food poisoning.