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在中国古代文化史上,墨家素以辩学著称于世。以往学术界主要从逻辑学角度研究墨家辩学,侧重于整理或挖掘其逻辑思想内容。以至于出现了将墨家辩学等同于逻辑学,甚至在比较逻辑的研究中,将墨家辩学看作是与西方传统逻辑相同的逻辑类型。笔者以为,这里涉及到研究者的研究方法和视角问题。作为墨家文化的主要内容,墨家辩学从一个历史侧面反映了中国历史文化的特点。它既与儒、道、法……等各家文化有某些共性的文化特点,也表现出本学派的文化特质。本文试图从中国传统文化的角度,探讨墨家辩学的文化特征,以求对它作出更为合理而又全面的解释。 (一) 重效益、讲实用是中国传统文化重要的价值取向。“事莫明于有效,论莫定于有证。空言虚语,虽得道心,人犹不信”。以实践应用作为文化建构的价值取向,是墨家辩学所体现的文化特征之一,是传统的实用理性价值观的表现。
In ancient Chinese cultural history, Mohist is famous for his defense. In the past, academics mainly studied Mohism from the perspective of logic, focusing on sorting out or digging out the contents of its logic. So that there appeared to be the same as the logic of Mohist debate, even in the comparative study of logic, the Mohist debate as the logic of the same type of logic with the West. I think, here involves the researcher’s research methods and perspectives. As the main content of Mohist culture, Mohist debate reflects the characteristics of Chinese history and culture from a historical perspective. It not only has certain commonalities with Confucianism, Taoism and Fa-culture, but also shows the cultural characteristics of this school. This article tries to explore the cultural characteristics of Mohist School from the perspective of Chinese traditional culture in order to make a more reasonable and comprehensive explanation of it. (A) re-benefit, practicality is an important value orientation of Chinese traditional culture. “Things are not effective, on the Mo set in a permit. Empty empty words, though moral, people still do not believe.” Taking practical application as the value orientation of cultural construction is one of the cultural features reflected in the debate of Mohism and is a manifestation of traditional practical rational values.