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垄作是沙区旱作农田常用的集水防风耕作技术。本文通过野外试验观测和土壤样品分析,对不同结构的垄作与平作下油菜生长环境进行了研究。结果表明,垄作相对于平作增加了生长季内土壤耕作层水分含量,降低了其波动幅度,改变了土壤水分在垂直剖面上的分布,使湿润锋位于耕作层,有利于油菜对土壤水分的吸收,对缓解干旱对作物生长的胁迫有积极作用。垄作下土壤易蚀性颗粒含量降低,地表粗糙度和垂直风速梯度增大,有效降低了土壤可蚀性和近地表风速,对防治土壤风蚀和保护作物幼苗有重要作用。不同结构的垄作比较,垄高15 cm、垄沟比1/12和垄高25 cm、垄沟比1/24的两种垄作在油菜生长季内集水效果较优,而垄高25 cm、垄沟比1/6的垄作在农田休闲期内防治风蚀效果较好。故结构合理的垄作是沙区旱作农田微观土地利用结构调整的有效措施。
Ridge is dry sand farmland commonly used water-harvest wind farming techniques. In this paper, field experiment and soil sample analysis were conducted to study the growth environment of rape under different structure of ridge and flat. The results showed that the ridge relative to planting increased the moisture content of soil tillage layer in the growing season, reduced its fluctuation range and changed the distribution of soil moisture in the vertical section, so that the wetting front was located in the tillage layer, which was beneficial to the absorption of soil moisture by rapeseed , To alleviate the drought stress on crop growth has a positive effect. Soil erosion under erodibility reduces the content of particles, increases the surface roughness and vertical wind speed gradient, effectively reduces the soil erodibility and near surface wind speed, and plays an important role in preventing and controlling wind erosion and protecting crop seedlings. The ridge height of 15 cm, furrow ratio of 1/12 and ridge height of 25 cm and furrow ratio of 1/24 were better than those of furrow with different structures. 1/6 of the ridge in the farm during the leisure time to prevent wind erosion better. Therefore, reasonable structure of ridge is the sand area of dry land for agricultural use of micro-structure adjustment of effective measures.