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民间文学研究始于“五四”新文化运动.1917年蔡元培任北京大学校长时,主张“兼容并包”,发表《校长启事》,支持进行近世歌谣的征集;1920年还成立北京大学歌谣研究会,由沈兼士、周作人等负责其事.周作人于1913年至1915年间写有《童话研究》《儿歌的研究》、《童话略论》和《古童话释义》等,是我国民间文学研究的重要先驱.鲁迅在故乡从小接受民间文学和民间艺术的熏陶,历来重视无名氏的创作和生产者的艺术,他在《摩罗诗力说》、《破恶声论》和《科学史教篇》等文中,论及外国和中国的神话、传说,其所编著的大学讲义《中国小说史略》、《汉文学史纲》和《中国小说的历史的变迁》,大量论述我国古代神话、传说和民间故事,并正确地指出它们的性质、起源、演变及其与作家文学的关系等.鲁迅还于1912年在《拟播布美术意见书》中倡议成立“国民文术研究会”,以便搜集整理“各地歌谣、俚谚、传说、童话等”.鲁迅后期运用马克思主义观点,研究民间文学,奠定了我国马克思主义民间文学理论的坚实基础.
The study of folklore started in the “May Fourth New Culture Movement.” In 1917, Cai Yuanpei was the president of Peking University. He advocated “compatibility and inclusion”, published the “Principal’s Note,” and supported the solicitation of songs in recent years. In 1920, By Shen and Shi, Zhou Zuoren responsible for the matter.Zhou Zuoren in 1913 to 1915 wrote “fairy tale research” “children’s songs”, “fairy tale theory” and “interpretation of ancient fairy tales”, is our country folk literature research An important pioneer in his hometown.Lu Xun was influenced by folk literature and folk art since his childhood in his hometown and always attached importance to the creation and producer art of anonymous ancestors.Lu Xun’s works such as “Mo Luo Shi Li Shu”, “Vandalism Theory” and “History of Science History” , Talked about the myths and legends of foreign countries and China, the university lectures, “A Brief History of Chinese Fiction,” “History of Chinese Literature,” and “Changes in the History of Chinese Fiction,” which dealt extensively with the myths, legends and folk tales in our country , And correctly pointed out their nature, origin, evolution and their relationship with the writer’s literature, etc. Lu Xun also proposed in 1912 “Proposed Art Opinion” proposed the establishment of “nationals Technique for the study ”, so that has collected“ around the songs, slang saying, legends, fairy tales. ”Lu Xun late apply the Marxist point of view, study of folk literature, folk literature and laid a solid foundation for the theory of Marxism in China.