(一)前言根据中日两国政府的协议,由中国云南省农业科学院和日本热带农业研究中心进行“利用有关遗传资源培育耐寒、抗病、高产水稻品种的共同研究”。云南与日本因地理环境不同,所栽培的水稻品种及特性也不相同,日本品种以穗数型为主,云南则以穗重型居多。云南是亚洲栽培稻主要起源地之一,又是世界少有的高原稻作区,生境复杂,稻种类型丰富多样。因此,在云南不同海拔高度设置试验地,对日本和云南各地的稻种进行耐寒、抗病、丰产等特性鉴定与评价,不仅可为水稻育种提供一批高度耐寒、抗病或丰产性好的亲本材料,而且还可得到许多其它主要的信息。到目前为止,中日双方提供研究的水陆 (I) Preface According to the agreement of the Chinese and Japanese governments, “joint research on cultivating cold-tolerant, disease-resistant and high-yielding rice varieties using relevant genetic resources” was conducted by the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Japan Tropical Agriculture Research Center. Yunnan and Japan due to different geographical environment, the cultivation of rice varieties and characteristics are not the same, the Japanese varieties to spike number type, while Yunnan is the majority of spike weight. Yunnan is one of the main origins of cultivated rice in Asia. It is also one of the rare plateau paddy areas in the world with a complex habitat and rich and diverse types of rice. Therefore, setting test sites at different altitudes in Yunnan, identification and evaluation of the characteristics of cold-tolerant, disease-resistant and high-yielding rice varieties in Japan and Yunnan not only provide a group of plants that are highly resistant to cold, disease or high yield, Parent material, but also get many other major information. So far, both China and Japan have provided land for research