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随着科学技术的发展,实验方法的种类不断增加.本文从不同的角度探讨了科学实验一般方法的分类及其作用,同时指出当前国内外关于科学实验一般方法的分类体系中,较为人们重视的是直接实验方法,其理论和应用较为成熟.然而对间接实验方法的分类和研究存在着一些混乱,普遍认为思想实验和理想实验是同一种实验方法.笔者认为,它们是两种不同的实验方法,既有共同性,又有差异性.把它们之间的关系搞清楚,对于方法论的发展和科学研究中的实际运用都有重要的意义.
With the development of science and technology, the types of experimental methods are increasing.This paper discusses the classification and its role of general methods of scientific experiments from different perspectives, and points out that more attention has been paid to the current classification system of scientific experiments in China and abroad Is a direct experimental method, and its theory and application of more mature.However, there is some confusion in the classification and research of indirect experimental methods, it is generally believed that ideological experiments and ideal experiments are the same experimental methods.I think that they are two different experimental methods Has both commonness and difference, and clarifying the relationship between them is of great significance to the development of methodology and the practical application in scientific research.