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目的了解全国公众结核病知识核心信息知晓情况,为今后更有效地开展结核病防治健康教育工作提供方向和重点。方法采用5阶段分层系统随机抽样方法,在全国抽取19个省60个县/区共69253名城乡居民。使用统一设计的调查问卷对调查对象进行入户面对面询问式调查。结果调查对象的核心信息总知晓率为48.9%。12~19岁组、小学及以下文化程度者、农民和学生知晓率较低。调查对象对肺结核病的传染性、传播途径的知晓率较高,而一半或超过一半的调查对象不知道当地有检查和治疗结核病的专门机构、结核病人应到专门机构检查治疗、结核病可治愈、国家有免费检查治疗政策、不应该歧视结核病人,尤其是对“咳嗽咳痰3周以上或有咯血、血痰症状者应怀疑得了肺结核病”这条核心信息的知晓率只有16.0%。结论应根据当地居民知晓结核防治知识的情况制定地方政策,开展广泛深入的传播活动并及时评估效果。
Objective To understand the national public knowledge of TB core knowledge and to provide direction and focus for more effective prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in future. Methods A total of 69253 urban and rural residents in 60 counties / districts of 19 provinces were selected by random sampling method of 5-stage stratified system. Use the unified design of the questionnaire survey respondents face to face interrogative investigation. Results The total rate of the core information of respondents was 48.9%. 12 to 19-year-old group, primary and below education, farmers and students lower awareness. The respondents were more aware of the contagious and transmission of tuberculosis and half or more than half of the respondents did not know that there was a local specialized agency for checking and treating tuberculosis. TB patients should go to special institutions for treatment and check-up, and tuberculosis could be cured, The state has a free check of treatment policies and should not discriminate against TB patients. In particular, the awareness rate of core information about “more than 3 weeks of cough and sputum or hemoptysis and bloody sputum should be suspected” is only 16.0%. Conclusions Local policies should be formulated based on the knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among local residents, carry out extensive and in-depth dissemination activities and evaluate the results in a timely manner.