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远看像个逃荒的,
近看像个要饭的,
仔细一看,是中国社会科学院的。
不知是谁给贾芝先生编了这首顺口溜。在一次聚会上,贾芝先生当众朗读,有板有眼,十分得意,看来他对这顺口溜是认同的,至少没有反感。
这顺口溜的“作者”也真会编,看似贬,实为褒,意思是说贾芝先生生活朴素,平易近人;工作上要求高,生活上要求低;地位变了,仍保持简朴的本色。这是人们对贾芝先生的最高评价。
我与贾芝先生相识快半个世纪了。1957年我背着一大包我搜集的白族民歌,从遥远的祖国边疆来到首都北京时,第一个拜访的就是贾芝先生夫妇。贾芝先生的结发夫人李星华女士(李大钊烈士之长女,已故。)我在云南大理就见过,跟贾芝先生则是第一次见面。他们热情地接待了我。此后我一直在贾芝先生的领导下工作。
哥俩红与黑
贾先生属牛,原名贾植芝,今年93岁,1913年生于山西襄汾县南侯村。他与其弟贾植芳先生都是有名的文化人,在上个世纪一“红”一“黑”,演出了一幕幕人间悲喜剧。
旧时襄汾,贾家算得上是个富家,其祖父是个精明的山西商人,早年曾在北京大栅栏开估衣店;父亲务农,为人忠厚,常做善事。贾先生说,他小时候常见父亲将从北京买回的药品及家中钱粮送给村里人。他的伯父经商,办的是洋务,见多识广,贾先生曾一度过继给伯父。在贾先生身上,有父亲的影子,也有伯父的影子。
贾芝兄弟俩少小离家闯荡四方,全仗伯父支持。伯父重视教育,眼高志远,使兄弟俩有幸在少年时代受到一流的中西文化启蒙,因而他们与生俱来的天赋得到充分的发展。兄弟俩都酷爱文学,他们差不多同时都做起了文学家之梦。贾芝先生善诗,曾被艾青称为“布谷鸟诗人”,同时他法文也好,译过不少诗文;贾植芳先生秉性聪敏,被称为“神童”,他精通俄文,英语、日语也很好,国学基础堪称上乘,是我国最早的翻译家之一。1931年,18岁的贾芝先生自费出版了他的第一部诗集《水磨集》,不久贾植芳先生也出版了译文集《契诃夫手记》,贾氏兄弟从此崭露头角,步入文坛。
历史的发展是不以人的意志为转移的。1937年,贾芝先生从中法大学孔德学院毕业,本来想到法国(里昂大学)留学继续深造,但由于“七七”事变发生没有去成。为参加抗战,贾先生于1938年8月经西安八路军办事处秘密来到革命圣地延安。到延安后先在“抗大”学习,后入“鲁艺”文学系学习,然后在延安中学、延安大学等单位工作。1949年到北京后,先后在文化部、人民文学出版社、社科院文学研究所、中国民研会做党的工作兼研究工作,贾芝先生“吃过小米扛过枪”,当然是革命作家。
贾植芳先生的命运却完全相反。他从19岁就开始过第一次监狱生活,他一生坐过四次监狱:北洋政府的监狱、日本人的监狱、国民党的监狱,第四次入狱的罪名是“胡风反革命集团骨干分子”。
所以当时人们说,贾氏兄弟走的是两条道路,一个走的是“红”道,一个走的是“黑”道。其实,这是历史的误会。现在已经真相大白,贾氏兄弟都是革命战士,革命作家:贾芝先生自不必说,他是从延安走出来的老革命;贾植芳也是革命的,解放前他曾介绍许多进步青年到延安去,解放后他作为进步知识分子先后在上海震旦大学、复旦大学中文系任教授、系主任,讲授苏联文学。贾植芳说:“当年复旦的教师,陈望道翻译马克思《共产党宣言》,我翻译恩格斯《住宅问题》,此外再没有第三个人翻译过马恩的东西。”然而1955年在批判“胡风反革命集团”时,人们指控他翻译马列著作是“披着红色外衣”,这一指责似乎给贾植芳先生留下了“后遗症”:前年贾芝先生买了两件红色茄克衫,一件自穿一件送给弟弟,但弟弟一直束之高阁。学生问他为什么不穿?他答:“这是红色的外衣,不能穿。”这诙谐回答在校内一时传为佳话。
贾芝和贾植芳感情甚笃,但因为政治原因曾一度失去联系,粉碎“四人帮”后贾植芳获得彻底平反,1979年贾芝先生之妻李星华女士逝世,贾植芳来北京奔丧,我代替贾芝先生到北京站接站,领他到了演乐胡同贾宅,兄弟俩25年不见,相见时激动欣喜之状让人难忘。
民间文学就是他的生命
有人说,贾芝先生如果从政前程不可估量,这话似乎不无道理。因为论资历,贾先生是从延安走出来的老革命;论学历他是老革命干部中为数不多的大学生;论社会背景他是革命烈士李大钊的女婿,又是几位党和国家领导人(李鹏委员长等)的老师,但贾先生不长此道,他淡泊名利走冷门:民间文学,他成了民间布衣文学家。贾先生说:到民间文艺研究会工作是党分配的但也是他的志愿。贾先生原是写诗的,到民研会后行政工作多了,写诗的事自然又要中断,大家很为他惋惜,然先生却说:“我不写诗还有人写诗,但民间文学我不搞就很少有人做了,民间文学多重要啊!”
贾芝先生对民间文学真是情有独钟。在史无前例的“文化大革命”中,许多部门都被砸烂,他自己也成了“革命对象”,但他仍然念念不忘他的民间文学。记得60年代末中国文联大院里贴满了大字报,那时贾芝先生还戴着“走资派”、“反动权威”等帽子,但他满不在乎。他在大院扫地时看到《民间文学》编辑部的资料丢得满地,他就一篇篇地拾起来看,心疼得不得了。我看到了说:“什么时候了,你还弄这个?”他不说话却狠狠地瞪了我一眼。从他的眼神中我仿佛看到他想说:“你也是吃这碗饭的,连你们这些人都这样,真让我失望!”至今思之,仍觉汗颜。
贾芝先生对民间文学事业可谓呕心沥血。他每天除了吃饭、睡觉外就是研究民间文学,有时甚至到了走火入魔的程度,并由此产生了不少的“贾芝笑话”:
笑话之一:贾先生携带户口本去邮局取包裹,附带寄信。结果他心里想着民间文学的事,把信和户口本一块丢进信箱里。没办法了他只好在那里傻等,待邮局工作人员来开箱取信时才把户口本拿回家。
笑话之二:一次贾先生到我家商量工作,慌忙之中把我女儿的书包背走了。我女儿追着他喊:“爷爷,爷爷,你背走的是我的书包。”贾先生呆了好一会儿才醒悟过来……
笑话之三:贾先生出门,在火车上得意地说,人家都说我丢三拉四,常丢东西,这回我可什么也没有丢!话还没说完,一挥手他把茶杯扔出窗外。
给“乡下老婆”让个座
贾芝是新中国民间文学事业创始人之一,中国民间文艺研究会(中国民间文艺家协会的前身)成立之后,他一直是该会的领导者。“请给乡下老婆——民间文学让个座。”这是贾先生常说的一句话。贾先生说:“半个世纪以来,我的主要文艺活动就是为‘乡下老婆’争座位。我们成立中国民间文艺研究会也好,创办《民间文学》《民间文学论坛》也好,不为别的,就是为这个。”
为“乡下老婆”争座位,贾先生身体力行:
——中国民间文艺研究会成立后,由于受社会思潮的影响,中国民研会也几度处于风雨飘摇之中,由于贾先生与民间文艺界几位同仁四处奔走,据理力争,终使中国民研会得以存在下来;
——中国民间文艺研究会的定位是抢救、搜集、整理、研究、保护民间文化遗产。贾先生不赞成将中国民间文艺研究会改名为中国民间文艺家协会,直到现在,他还主张把名称改回来;
由于历史的原因,我国少数民族过去大都没有作家文学,民间文学就是他们的全部,长期以来,他们的文学不被重视,其传承者民间故事家、民间诗人、歌手没有社会地位。对此,贾先生食不甘寝不安,粉碎“四人帮”后,他以中国民间文艺研究会的名义,与国家民委、文化部联手,给国家领导人写报告,希望引起重视。后来全国少数民族诗人、歌手座谈会召开,在全国产生了巨大影响,大大地推动了我国民间文学事业的发展。
——我国三大史诗《格萨尔》《江格尔》《玛纳斯》的抢救整理工作也在不同时期受到不同程度的干扰,也是在贾先生等老一辈的关怀下得到解决。
长寿老人
今年是贾先生93岁华诞。我说:“你岁数这么大,身体又这么好,有什么秘诀?”他想了想说:“秘诀倒没有,但我的生活经验有六个字:心宽、吃醋、洗脚。”
心宽容易理解,就是说没有什么想不开的事,贾先生心就是宽。贾先生说:“我从不悲观。天掉不下来,在我的字典中没有‘悲观’二字。”这是真话。我和他相处多年,没有看到他有愁眉苦脸的时候,他越来越像小孩,童心未泯,十分可爱;
吃醋,我可以将它擅改为“喝醋”,因为贾先生喜欢醋我是知道的。我和他多次一块出差,用饭时,不管吃什么菜他都要加醋,我只要辣椒,这充分表现了两人的生活习惯。“老西吃醋”众人皆知,老西喜醋笑话也不少。据说过去阎锡山部队的士兵都有两个宝贝:一是步枪,一是醋瓶,他们打败仗时只缴枪而不缴醋瓶。
对于洗脚贾先生特重视用热水,实际上是烫脚。“宁可食无肉,不可居无竹。”贾先生宁可不喝水,也不可以没有热水洗脚。平常如此,战争时代也如此。据说当年在陕北,敌人进占延安,他随部队撤退到山沟里吃水很困难,每天晚上每人只能分到一杯开水,但贾先生舍不得喝,他就用这杯开水洗脚,将热水浇在脚趾缝里。像贾先生这样的洗脚癖,恐为天下仅有。
长寿秘诀还有一点贾先生没有说,那就是他有一位贤内助金茂年女士。金女士漂亮、脾气好,是贾先生工作上的助手,生活上的“饲养员”。贾先生自奉甚俭,早年日常生活的账都记得很仔细,连早点一个馒头多少钱都不漏过。孩子买菜回来,他问:“多少钱?”孩子说“两块。”他把两指一伸:“噢,两块?”然后从兜里掏出两块钱给孩子。这些家庭琐事耗费了他的很多时间。自从金女士来后,他就不必再操心了,吃什么,花多少钱,全由金女士包办代替。他和金女士感情深厚,相亲相爱,形影不离,日子过得甜蜜。他俩结婚已近20年了,但至今在贾先生面前提到他夫人时,他脸上依然闪烁着“罗曼蒂克”的光彩。
贾先生是幸福的,贾先生晚年生活幸福、身体健康,有金女士的一份功劳。
Scholar
Academician Promotes Folk Literature
By Yang Liangcai
I met Jia Zhi nearly 50 years ago. In 1957 I came to Beijing, carrying a big pack of Bai ethnic people’s ballads I had collected. Jia and his wife were the first people I visited. They received me warmly. I have been working under Jia’s leadership since then.
Jia Zhi was born in 1913 in a wealthy family in northern China’s Shanxi Province. He wanted to be a poet at a very early age. His first collection of poetry was published in 1931 when he was 18. Cutting a fine figure, he stepped into th literary world from then. In 1937, Jia graduated from university and wished to go on to study in France. Then, the July 7 incident occurred. In 1938, he went to Yan誥n and worked at schools at the revolutionary base. In 1949, he went to Beijing. Over years, he worked as a researcher and administrator at the Ministry of Culture, the People’s Publishing House, the Literature Research Institute under the China Academy of Social Sciences, and China Folk Arts Research Association.
It was said that Jia Zhi would have gone far if he had continued to work as a government official. It could have been true given his college education background, his qualifications as a veteran revolutionary, his relationships with a few top state leaders (some were his students) and his family relations (his wife was the daughter of Li Dazhao, one of the founders of the CPC).But Jia has never been after fame or wealth. He has devoted himself to China’s folk literature.
He was one of the first people in New China who started the study of folk literature and organized salvage projects to save the vanishing oral epics and folk stories. He founded the China Folk Arts Research Institute. He worked hard to save the institute when it was in a precarious position during the fierce political movements. Under his leadership, the institute has been in charge of salvaging, collecting, sorting, researching, saving, and protecting the folk literature in its various forms. Jia summarizes his work this way: all his work over nearly 5 decades can be boiled down to one phrase: I’ ave a seat for the village wife? meaning that the folk literature should be honored with a respectable position. Folk Literature, a national publication sponsored and published by the institution, has been a major forum for the country’s folk arts salvage projects.
Due to historical reasons, the ethnic people in the past did not have serious literature in writing. Folk literature was all they had, which unfortunately had been belittled over a long period of time. Story tellers, poets, and ballad singers of these ethnic groups did not enjoy a high social status.In the later 1970s, Jia worked in collaboration with the State Nationalities Affairs Committee and the Ministry of Culture to submit a report to top state leaders, calling for their support to salvage folk arts heritage. Thanks to this effort, a national symposium was held later and attended by ethnic poets and singers from all over the country. This landmark event greatly boosted development of the ethnic literary work. Jia Zhi has also helped salvage China’s three great epics, though the salvage project was interrupted again and again over a long period of time.
The 93-year-old man says he has three secrets for his longevity: a broad mind, a vinegar-rich diet, and a hot-water footbath everyday.
It’s easy to understand what a broad mind means. Jia Zhi says, I’ never bow to pessimism.?There is always a way to look at things optimistically. As a matter of fact, the older he becomes, the more he behaves like a happy kid.
Jia loves vinegar. It is said that people of Shanxi Province are all partial to vinegar. Legends have it that every soldier of a Shanxi warlord in the modern history carried two things to the frontline. If they were captured, they would surrender their guns, but never the precious little bottle of vinegar. A native of Shanxi Province, Jia adds vinegar to all the food he has.
Footbath has been a must for Jia for decades. Even in the war years, he washed his feet with hot water at the end of the day if possible. During a campaign in the Liberation War in the later 1940s, the Liberation Army troupes he had been with retrieved to mountain areas. Water became a rarity in those days. Each soldier could only get one cup of boiled water in the evening. Instead of drinking the precious water, Jia poured it slowly and carefully on his toes.
Another longevity secret he does not mention is his happy marriage. Some years after his first wife passed away in 1979, he got remarried. The 20-year-old new marriage brings happiness to him. His face beams a romantic aura whenever he mentions his wife.
(Translated by David)
近看像个要饭的,
仔细一看,是中国社会科学院的。
不知是谁给贾芝先生编了这首顺口溜。在一次聚会上,贾芝先生当众朗读,有板有眼,十分得意,看来他对这顺口溜是认同的,至少没有反感。
这顺口溜的“作者”也真会编,看似贬,实为褒,意思是说贾芝先生生活朴素,平易近人;工作上要求高,生活上要求低;地位变了,仍保持简朴的本色。这是人们对贾芝先生的最高评价。
我与贾芝先生相识快半个世纪了。1957年我背着一大包我搜集的白族民歌,从遥远的祖国边疆来到首都北京时,第一个拜访的就是贾芝先生夫妇。贾芝先生的结发夫人李星华女士(李大钊烈士之长女,已故。)我在云南大理就见过,跟贾芝先生则是第一次见面。他们热情地接待了我。此后我一直在贾芝先生的领导下工作。
哥俩红与黑
贾先生属牛,原名贾植芝,今年93岁,1913年生于山西襄汾县南侯村。他与其弟贾植芳先生都是有名的文化人,在上个世纪一“红”一“黑”,演出了一幕幕人间悲喜剧。
旧时襄汾,贾家算得上是个富家,其祖父是个精明的山西商人,早年曾在北京大栅栏开估衣店;父亲务农,为人忠厚,常做善事。贾先生说,他小时候常见父亲将从北京买回的药品及家中钱粮送给村里人。他的伯父经商,办的是洋务,见多识广,贾先生曾一度过继给伯父。在贾先生身上,有父亲的影子,也有伯父的影子。
贾芝兄弟俩少小离家闯荡四方,全仗伯父支持。伯父重视教育,眼高志远,使兄弟俩有幸在少年时代受到一流的中西文化启蒙,因而他们与生俱来的天赋得到充分的发展。兄弟俩都酷爱文学,他们差不多同时都做起了文学家之梦。贾芝先生善诗,曾被艾青称为“布谷鸟诗人”,同时他法文也好,译过不少诗文;贾植芳先生秉性聪敏,被称为“神童”,他精通俄文,英语、日语也很好,国学基础堪称上乘,是我国最早的翻译家之一。1931年,18岁的贾芝先生自费出版了他的第一部诗集《水磨集》,不久贾植芳先生也出版了译文集《契诃夫手记》,贾氏兄弟从此崭露头角,步入文坛。
历史的发展是不以人的意志为转移的。1937年,贾芝先生从中法大学孔德学院毕业,本来想到法国(里昂大学)留学继续深造,但由于“七七”事变发生没有去成。为参加抗战,贾先生于1938年8月经西安八路军办事处秘密来到革命圣地延安。到延安后先在“抗大”学习,后入“鲁艺”文学系学习,然后在延安中学、延安大学等单位工作。1949年到北京后,先后在文化部、人民文学出版社、社科院文学研究所、中国民研会做党的工作兼研究工作,贾芝先生“吃过小米扛过枪”,当然是革命作家。
贾植芳先生的命运却完全相反。他从19岁就开始过第一次监狱生活,他一生坐过四次监狱:北洋政府的监狱、日本人的监狱、国民党的监狱,第四次入狱的罪名是“胡风反革命集团骨干分子”。
所以当时人们说,贾氏兄弟走的是两条道路,一个走的是“红”道,一个走的是“黑”道。其实,这是历史的误会。现在已经真相大白,贾氏兄弟都是革命战士,革命作家:贾芝先生自不必说,他是从延安走出来的老革命;贾植芳也是革命的,解放前他曾介绍许多进步青年到延安去,解放后他作为进步知识分子先后在上海震旦大学、复旦大学中文系任教授、系主任,讲授苏联文学。贾植芳说:“当年复旦的教师,陈望道翻译马克思《共产党宣言》,我翻译恩格斯《住宅问题》,此外再没有第三个人翻译过马恩的东西。”然而1955年在批判“胡风反革命集团”时,人们指控他翻译马列著作是“披着红色外衣”,这一指责似乎给贾植芳先生留下了“后遗症”:前年贾芝先生买了两件红色茄克衫,一件自穿一件送给弟弟,但弟弟一直束之高阁。学生问他为什么不穿?他答:“这是红色的外衣,不能穿。”这诙谐回答在校内一时传为佳话。
贾芝和贾植芳感情甚笃,但因为政治原因曾一度失去联系,粉碎“四人帮”后贾植芳获得彻底平反,1979年贾芝先生之妻李星华女士逝世,贾植芳来北京奔丧,我代替贾芝先生到北京站接站,领他到了演乐胡同贾宅,兄弟俩25年不见,相见时激动欣喜之状让人难忘。
民间文学就是他的生命
有人说,贾芝先生如果从政前程不可估量,这话似乎不无道理。因为论资历,贾先生是从延安走出来的老革命;论学历他是老革命干部中为数不多的大学生;论社会背景他是革命烈士李大钊的女婿,又是几位党和国家领导人(李鹏委员长等)的老师,但贾先生不长此道,他淡泊名利走冷门:民间文学,他成了民间布衣文学家。贾先生说:到民间文艺研究会工作是党分配的但也是他的志愿。贾先生原是写诗的,到民研会后行政工作多了,写诗的事自然又要中断,大家很为他惋惜,然先生却说:“我不写诗还有人写诗,但民间文学我不搞就很少有人做了,民间文学多重要啊!”
贾芝先生对民间文学真是情有独钟。在史无前例的“文化大革命”中,许多部门都被砸烂,他自己也成了“革命对象”,但他仍然念念不忘他的民间文学。记得60年代末中国文联大院里贴满了大字报,那时贾芝先生还戴着“走资派”、“反动权威”等帽子,但他满不在乎。他在大院扫地时看到《民间文学》编辑部的资料丢得满地,他就一篇篇地拾起来看,心疼得不得了。我看到了说:“什么时候了,你还弄这个?”他不说话却狠狠地瞪了我一眼。从他的眼神中我仿佛看到他想说:“你也是吃这碗饭的,连你们这些人都这样,真让我失望!”至今思之,仍觉汗颜。
贾芝先生对民间文学事业可谓呕心沥血。他每天除了吃饭、睡觉外就是研究民间文学,有时甚至到了走火入魔的程度,并由此产生了不少的“贾芝笑话”:
笑话之一:贾先生携带户口本去邮局取包裹,附带寄信。结果他心里想着民间文学的事,把信和户口本一块丢进信箱里。没办法了他只好在那里傻等,待邮局工作人员来开箱取信时才把户口本拿回家。
笑话之二:一次贾先生到我家商量工作,慌忙之中把我女儿的书包背走了。我女儿追着他喊:“爷爷,爷爷,你背走的是我的书包。”贾先生呆了好一会儿才醒悟过来……
笑话之三:贾先生出门,在火车上得意地说,人家都说我丢三拉四,常丢东西,这回我可什么也没有丢!话还没说完,一挥手他把茶杯扔出窗外。
给“乡下老婆”让个座
贾芝是新中国民间文学事业创始人之一,中国民间文艺研究会(中国民间文艺家协会的前身)成立之后,他一直是该会的领导者。“请给乡下老婆——民间文学让个座。”这是贾先生常说的一句话。贾先生说:“半个世纪以来,我的主要文艺活动就是为‘乡下老婆’争座位。我们成立中国民间文艺研究会也好,创办《民间文学》《民间文学论坛》也好,不为别的,就是为这个。”
为“乡下老婆”争座位,贾先生身体力行:
——中国民间文艺研究会成立后,由于受社会思潮的影响,中国民研会也几度处于风雨飘摇之中,由于贾先生与民间文艺界几位同仁四处奔走,据理力争,终使中国民研会得以存在下来;
——中国民间文艺研究会的定位是抢救、搜集、整理、研究、保护民间文化遗产。贾先生不赞成将中国民间文艺研究会改名为中国民间文艺家协会,直到现在,他还主张把名称改回来;
由于历史的原因,我国少数民族过去大都没有作家文学,民间文学就是他们的全部,长期以来,他们的文学不被重视,其传承者民间故事家、民间诗人、歌手没有社会地位。对此,贾先生食不甘寝不安,粉碎“四人帮”后,他以中国民间文艺研究会的名义,与国家民委、文化部联手,给国家领导人写报告,希望引起重视。后来全国少数民族诗人、歌手座谈会召开,在全国产生了巨大影响,大大地推动了我国民间文学事业的发展。
——我国三大史诗《格萨尔》《江格尔》《玛纳斯》的抢救整理工作也在不同时期受到不同程度的干扰,也是在贾先生等老一辈的关怀下得到解决。
长寿老人
今年是贾先生93岁华诞。我说:“你岁数这么大,身体又这么好,有什么秘诀?”他想了想说:“秘诀倒没有,但我的生活经验有六个字:心宽、吃醋、洗脚。”
心宽容易理解,就是说没有什么想不开的事,贾先生心就是宽。贾先生说:“我从不悲观。天掉不下来,在我的字典中没有‘悲观’二字。”这是真话。我和他相处多年,没有看到他有愁眉苦脸的时候,他越来越像小孩,童心未泯,十分可爱;
吃醋,我可以将它擅改为“喝醋”,因为贾先生喜欢醋我是知道的。我和他多次一块出差,用饭时,不管吃什么菜他都要加醋,我只要辣椒,这充分表现了两人的生活习惯。“老西吃醋”众人皆知,老西喜醋笑话也不少。据说过去阎锡山部队的士兵都有两个宝贝:一是步枪,一是醋瓶,他们打败仗时只缴枪而不缴醋瓶。
对于洗脚贾先生特重视用热水,实际上是烫脚。“宁可食无肉,不可居无竹。”贾先生宁可不喝水,也不可以没有热水洗脚。平常如此,战争时代也如此。据说当年在陕北,敌人进占延安,他随部队撤退到山沟里吃水很困难,每天晚上每人只能分到一杯开水,但贾先生舍不得喝,他就用这杯开水洗脚,将热水浇在脚趾缝里。像贾先生这样的洗脚癖,恐为天下仅有。
长寿秘诀还有一点贾先生没有说,那就是他有一位贤内助金茂年女士。金女士漂亮、脾气好,是贾先生工作上的助手,生活上的“饲养员”。贾先生自奉甚俭,早年日常生活的账都记得很仔细,连早点一个馒头多少钱都不漏过。孩子买菜回来,他问:“多少钱?”孩子说“两块。”他把两指一伸:“噢,两块?”然后从兜里掏出两块钱给孩子。这些家庭琐事耗费了他的很多时间。自从金女士来后,他就不必再操心了,吃什么,花多少钱,全由金女士包办代替。他和金女士感情深厚,相亲相爱,形影不离,日子过得甜蜜。他俩结婚已近20年了,但至今在贾先生面前提到他夫人时,他脸上依然闪烁着“罗曼蒂克”的光彩。
贾先生是幸福的,贾先生晚年生活幸福、身体健康,有金女士的一份功劳。
Scholar
Academician Promotes Folk Literature
By Yang Liangcai
I met Jia Zhi nearly 50 years ago. In 1957 I came to Beijing, carrying a big pack of Bai ethnic people’s ballads I had collected. Jia and his wife were the first people I visited. They received me warmly. I have been working under Jia’s leadership since then.
Jia Zhi was born in 1913 in a wealthy family in northern China’s Shanxi Province. He wanted to be a poet at a very early age. His first collection of poetry was published in 1931 when he was 18. Cutting a fine figure, he stepped into th literary world from then. In 1937, Jia graduated from university and wished to go on to study in France. Then, the July 7 incident occurred. In 1938, he went to Yan誥n and worked at schools at the revolutionary base. In 1949, he went to Beijing. Over years, he worked as a researcher and administrator at the Ministry of Culture, the People’s Publishing House, the Literature Research Institute under the China Academy of Social Sciences, and China Folk Arts Research Association.
It was said that Jia Zhi would have gone far if he had continued to work as a government official. It could have been true given his college education background, his qualifications as a veteran revolutionary, his relationships with a few top state leaders (some were his students) and his family relations (his wife was the daughter of Li Dazhao, one of the founders of the CPC).But Jia has never been after fame or wealth. He has devoted himself to China’s folk literature.
He was one of the first people in New China who started the study of folk literature and organized salvage projects to save the vanishing oral epics and folk stories. He founded the China Folk Arts Research Institute. He worked hard to save the institute when it was in a precarious position during the fierce political movements. Under his leadership, the institute has been in charge of salvaging, collecting, sorting, researching, saving, and protecting the folk literature in its various forms. Jia summarizes his work this way: all his work over nearly 5 decades can be boiled down to one phrase: I’ ave a seat for the village wife? meaning that the folk literature should be honored with a respectable position. Folk Literature, a national publication sponsored and published by the institution, has been a major forum for the country’s folk arts salvage projects.
Due to historical reasons, the ethnic people in the past did not have serious literature in writing. Folk literature was all they had, which unfortunately had been belittled over a long period of time. Story tellers, poets, and ballad singers of these ethnic groups did not enjoy a high social status.In the later 1970s, Jia worked in collaboration with the State Nationalities Affairs Committee and the Ministry of Culture to submit a report to top state leaders, calling for their support to salvage folk arts heritage. Thanks to this effort, a national symposium was held later and attended by ethnic poets and singers from all over the country. This landmark event greatly boosted development of the ethnic literary work. Jia Zhi has also helped salvage China’s three great epics, though the salvage project was interrupted again and again over a long period of time.
The 93-year-old man says he has three secrets for his longevity: a broad mind, a vinegar-rich diet, and a hot-water footbath everyday.
It’s easy to understand what a broad mind means. Jia Zhi says, I’ never bow to pessimism.?There is always a way to look at things optimistically. As a matter of fact, the older he becomes, the more he behaves like a happy kid.
Jia loves vinegar. It is said that people of Shanxi Province are all partial to vinegar. Legends have it that every soldier of a Shanxi warlord in the modern history carried two things to the frontline. If they were captured, they would surrender their guns, but never the precious little bottle of vinegar. A native of Shanxi Province, Jia adds vinegar to all the food he has.
Footbath has been a must for Jia for decades. Even in the war years, he washed his feet with hot water at the end of the day if possible. During a campaign in the Liberation War in the later 1940s, the Liberation Army troupes he had been with retrieved to mountain areas. Water became a rarity in those days. Each soldier could only get one cup of boiled water in the evening. Instead of drinking the precious water, Jia poured it slowly and carefully on his toes.
Another longevity secret he does not mention is his happy marriage. Some years after his first wife passed away in 1979, he got remarried. The 20-year-old new marriage brings happiness to him. His face beams a romantic aura whenever he mentions his wife.
(Translated by David)