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目的比较农村地区留守儿童与非留守儿童的生长、营养与食品安全KAP现状,为相关部门制定关于留守儿童健康成长的干预措施提供理论依据。方法在查阅大量文献后编制自填式问卷,于2015年以便利分层抽样方法,抽取湖南、山西两省农村地区1 026名3~6年级小学生开展问卷调研,由调研员现场指导监督学生填写问卷,运用t检验与χ~2分析,探讨留守与非留守儿童在生长及营养与食品安全认知、态度、行为间的差异。结果被调查留守儿童营养不良比例高达19.37%,显著高于非留守儿童(16.32%)(P<0.05)。留守儿童的饮食行为多不如非留守儿童,18.1%的留守儿童以零食代替正餐,仅9.4%的非留守儿童以零食代替正餐;二者具备合理饮水习惯的比例分别为:留守儿童16.6%、非留守儿童32.3%,留守儿童饮水习惯更不科学(P<0.05);留守与非留守儿童均喜爱吃零食,二者零食食用频率、零食偏好差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),均偏好“限制食用类”零食;留守儿童用于购买零食的钱数显著多于非留守儿童,零花钱在2元以上/d的比例分别为19.6%、11.1%(P<0.05)。二者都缺乏食品安全意识,留守儿童个人卫生习惯不如非留守儿童;留守与非留守儿童的食品安全与营养认知平均得分分别为53.84、58.14,留守儿童显著差于非留守儿童,且其营养态度显著差于非留守儿童(P<0.05)。结论湖南、山西两省农村地区留守儿童生长及营养与食品安全KAP现状较差,建议学校加强对留守儿童开展相关教育,以弥补家庭监护的缺失。
Objective To compare the status quo of KAP in the growth, nutrition and food safety of left-behind children and non-left-behind children in rural areas and provide theoretical basis for relevant departments to formulate interventions on the healthy growth of left-behind children. Methods After compiling a large number of literatures, a self-administered questionnaire was compiled. In 2015, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,026 grade 3 to 6 primary school students in rural areas of Hunan and Shanxi provinces by means of stratified sampling to facilitate the survey. Questionnaires, using t test and χ ~ 2 analysis to explore the differences between children with and without left behind in the growth and nutrition and food safety awareness, attitude and behavior. Results The proportion of left behind children malnourished was as high as 19.37%, significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children (16.32%) (P <0.05). Left behind children eat more food than non-left-behind children, 18.1% of left-behind children use snacks instead of meals, and 9.4% of non-left-behind children substitute snacks for dinner. The proportion of children with reasonable drinking habits is 16.6% Left-behind children accounted for 32.3% of the children left behind drinking water more unscientific (P <0.05); both left-behind and non-left-behind children love to eat snacks, snacks frequency and snack preference between the two groups were not statistically significant (P> 0.05) Children with left-behind children spent significantly more money on snacks than non-left-behind children (19.6% and 11.1%, respectively) (P <0.05). Both of them lack awareness of food safety, and the left-behind children’s personal hygiene habits are not as good as those of non-left-behind children. The average scores of food safety and nutrition awareness among left-behind children and non-left-behind children are 53.84 and 58.14, respectively. Left-behind children are significantly worse than non-left- Attitude was significantly worse than non-left-behind children (P <0.05). Conclusions The current situation of KAP in left-behind children’s growth, nutrition and food safety in rural areas of Hunan and Shanxi Provinces is poor. It is suggested that schools should strengthen their education on left-behind children so as to make up for the lack of family custody.