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目的揭示高血脂对动物脉络膜血管组织学改变的影响,初步探讨高血脂在年龄相关性黄斑变性患者脉络膜新生血管形成中的作用。方法 36只新西兰大白兔随机分为正常对照组与实验组,分别喂养普通饲料与高脂饲料。分别于1m、2m、3m后观察眼底改变,酶法测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),应用透射电镜观察脉络膜组织学改变。结果实验组动物的TC、TG、LDL-C水平与对照组相比均具有统计学意义。脉络膜血管超微结构:对照组未见明显异常;实验组出现血管内皮细胞肿胀、变形,细胞核异型,细胞间连接破坏;基底膜节段性增厚;管腔变窄,甚至闭塞;管壁脂滴增多,见泡沫细胞。结论高血脂可能通过对脉络膜血管内皮细胞的直接损害影响年龄相关性黄斑变性的发生和发展。
Objective To investigate the effects of hyperlipidemia on the choroidal vascularization in animals and to investigate the role of hyperlipidemia in choroidal neovascularization in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Methods Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group and experimental group, fed with normal diet and high-fat diet respectively. The fundus changes were observed after 1m, 2m and 3m respectively. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ), The use of transmission electron microscopy choroidal histological changes. Results The levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in the experimental group were statistically significant compared with the control group. The ultrastructure of choroidal blood vessels: there was no obvious abnormality in the control group. In the experimental group, the vascular endothelial cells were swollen, deformed, nuclear atypia and intercellular junction were disrupted. The basement membrane was thickly segmental, the lumen was narrowed and occluded, See foam cells. Conclusion Hyperlipidemia may affect the occurrence and development of age-related macular degeneration through direct damage to choroidal vascular endothelial cells.