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目的研究上颌动脉翼腭段的走行及分支规律,为翼腭窝内动脉结扎、肿瘤切除和颅面外科手术提供解剖学依据。方法采用3种手术入路解剖21具成人尸头,观测上颌动脉翼腭段及分支的行程、管径、长度和毗邻关系。结果上颌动脉翼腭段行于上颌骨颞下面后上区内,分为5型:Y型26.19%、中间型33.33%、T型21.43%、M型11.90%和其他型7.14%。上颌动脉翼腭段外径为(2.61±0.39)mm,总长为(19.44±3.62)mm;其分支有上牙槽后动脉、眶下动脉、圆孔动脉、翼管动脉、腭降动脉、蝶腭动脉、腭鞘动脉,分支走行变异常见;颞深前动脉可作为确定上颌动脉翼腭段的参考标志。结论熟悉上颌动脉的分支、分型及走行对指导翼腭窝区手术及降低术后并发症具有重要意义。
Objective To study the movement and branching patterns of the maxillary artery and the anterior segment of the maxillary artery, and to provide anatomical basis for the internal ligation of the pterygopalatine fossa, tumor resection and craniofacial surgery. Methods Twenty-one adult cadaveric heads were dissected using three kinds of surgical approaches, and the stroke, diameter, length, and adjacent relationship of the maxillary artery and the palate and branches were observed. Results The maxillary artery was located in the posterior superior temporal area of the maxilla and divided into 5 types: Y type 26.19%, intermediate type 33.33%, T type 21.43%, M type 11.90% and other types 7.14%. The external diameter of the maxillary artery was (2.61 ± 0.39) mm and the total length was (19.44 ± 3.62) mm. The branches of the maxillary artery included the posterior sulcus, infraorbital artery, foramen ovale, wing artery, palatal artery, The palatal arteries, the palatal sheath arteries, and the branches are common variations in walking. The anterior deep temporal artery can be used as a reference mark for the determination of the maxillary artery. Conclusion It is of great importance to be familiar with the branch, type, and course of the maxillary arteries in guiding the operation of the pterygopalatine fossa and reducing the postoperative complications.