论文部分内容阅读
【目的】探明陕西灌区高产春玉米栽培下干物质积累和氮素吸收的动态特征,为陕西春玉米高产栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】以高产玉米品种陕单609为材料,设置普通大田栽培、高产栽培和超高产栽培3个栽培处理,于2013—2015年在陕西灌溉春玉米试验站进行试验,研究分析玉米产量等级群体的干物质积累、氮素吸收、叶面积指数与SPAD值、产量构成特性。【结果】普通大田栽培、高产栽培和超高产栽培下玉米籽粒平均产量分别为11.1、13.1和16.1 t·hm~(-2),与普通大田栽培(对照)比,高产栽培和超高产栽培下籽粒产量增加18.0%和45.1%;穗粒数和千粒重低于对照,而单位面积穗数极显著高于对照,单位面积较多穗数,是玉米高产潜力的关键。高产栽培和超高产栽培下群体收获指数也显著高于普通大田栽培。高产和超高产栽培群体干物质和氮素积累量较对照增加18.5%、41.8%和20.5%、24.5%。春玉米吐丝后,高产和超高产栽培群体干物质量对籽粒产量贡献率较对照提高10.0%和20.1%;氮素积累量对籽粒氮贡献率较对照提高30.2%和61.6%。相关分析显示,干物质量和氮素积累量与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关(r=0.998;r=0.927)。春玉米花后,高产栽培和超高产栽培下叶面积指数和SPAD值显著高于普通大田。【结论】与普通大田栽培和高产栽培相比,超高产栽培显著提高了春玉米吐丝后生物量积累和氮素积累量,及其对籽粒的贡献率。维持叶片较强的光合生产能力,是其实现春玉米高产的生理基础。在陕西灌区春玉米生产中,在筛选耐密品种的基础上增加种植密度、强化氮肥分次追施,保证高产玉米吐丝后期对氮素的需求,实现春玉米高产。
【Objective】 The dynamic characteristics of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption under high-yielding spring maize cultivation in Shaanxi irrigation area were investigated to provide the theoretical basis for high-yielding spring maize cultivation techniques in Shaanxi. 【Method】 Three cultivars of common field, high yield and super high yield were set up in Shaandan 609, a high yielding maize cultivar. The experiment was conducted in spring irrigation maize experimental station in Shaanxi Province from 2013 to 2015, and the effects of maize yield grade Dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake, leaf area index and SPAD value and yield components. 【Result】 The results showed that the average grain yield of maize was 11.1, 13.1 and 16.1 t · hm -2 under high field cultivation, high yield cultivation and high yield cultivation, respectively. Compared with the common field cultivation (control) The grain yield increased by 18.0% and 45.1% respectively. The number of grains per spike and grain weight per 1000 were lower than that of the control. The number of panicles per unit area was significantly higher than that of the control, and the number of spikes per unit area was the key to the high yield potential of maize. The harvest index under high-yielding cultivation and super-high-yielding cultivation was also significantly higher than that of common field cultivation. The dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in high-yield and ultra-high-yielding cultivated groups increased by 18.5%, 41.8% and 20.5% and 24.5% compared with the control. After silking spring corn, the contribution of dry matter mass to high and super high yielding cultivars increased 10.0% and 20.1% of the grain yield respectively. The contribution of nitrogen accumulation to grain nitrogen increased by 30.2% and 61.6% respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between dry matter mass and nitrogen accumulation and grain yield (r = 0.998; r = 0.927). After spring popcorn, leaf area index and SPAD value under high-yielding and super-high-yielding cultivation were significantly higher than those of common field. 【Conclusion】 Compared with common field cultivation and high-yielding cultivation, super-high-yielding cultivation significantly increased biomass accumulation and nitrogen accumulation after silking, and its contribution rate to grain. Maintaining the stronger photosynthetic capacity of leaves is the physiological basis for its high yield of spring maize. In the spring maize production in Shaanxi irrigation area, planting density was increased on the basis of selecting the fine-grained varieties, and the top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer was intensified to ensure the demand for nitrogen in late silking stage of high-yielding corn and high-yielding spring maize.