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注意义务制度的萌芽肇始于中世纪,从一桩关于损害赔偿的诉令状开始,经过长期的判例积累,在英美法系,“注意义务”成为过失侵权的核心要素。在大陆法系的国家中,侵权责任法中过失侵权的领域也取得了一定的突破,德国从判例中发展出“一般注意义务”;日本法上注意义务的理论将行为有责性向行为违法性要素推进。目前,注意义务制度,不单是欧洲赔偿法的标准,也被世界各国的立法和司法实践所接受。
The beginning of the system of duty of care began in the Middle Ages. Starting from a sued for damages, after a long period of trial and error accumulation, in Anglo-American legal system, “duty of care” became the core element of negligent infringement. In civil law countries, the field of tort tort also made some breakthroughs, Germany developed from the precedents “general duty of care ”; the theory of duty of care in Japan law will conduct a responsible behavior Illegal elements promote. At present, the system of paying attention to obligations is not only the standard of the European law on compensation, but also accepted by the legislative and judicial practice of all countries in the world.