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目的:构建生物合成纳泡(GVs)－聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)－骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)体系，探讨其应用于干细胞超声成像示踪的潜能。方法:制备GVs－PEI，检测其直径和电势。将GVs－PEI与BMSCs共温育获得GVs－PEI－BMSCs，检测BMSCs对GVs－PEI的摄入、GVs－PEI－BMSCs的细胞增殖活性。设置GVs－PEI－BMSCs组及BMSCs组，在琼脂仿体内分别于0、2、4和6 d进行超声成像，检测体外超声成像效果；于大鼠双侧股四头肌内分别注射BMSCs及GVs－PEI－BMSCs，于注射后0、2、4和6 d进行超声成像，检测其在体成像效果。采用单因素方差分析和两独立样本n t检验处理数据。n 结果:GVs－PEI直径(383.63±11.55) nm，电势(18.48±2.20) mV，倒置荧光显微镜下见GVs－PEI－BMSCs内大量GVs－PEI显影。当GVs－PEI吸光度(n A)n 500 nm＝0.5和1.0时，24、48和72 h的GVs－PEI－BMSCs细胞相对增殖率无明显变化(n F值：7.078～11.982，均n P>0.05)。与BMSCs组相比，各时间点GVs－PEI－BMSCs组体外超声成像效果均更佳，温育后6 d的超声信号强度差异仍有统计学意义(634.29±10.78与2 864.51±100.86；n t＝－121.86，n P<0.001)。在体超声成像结果显示，各时间点GVs－PEI－BMSCs组超声成像能力均优于BMSCs组，注射后6 d的超声信号强度差异仍有统计学意义(2 108.02±217.96与267.71±7.87；n t＝－121.39，n P0.05). Compared with BMSCs, GVs-PEI-BMSCs showed better ultrasound imaging capabilityn in vitro in all time points with still significantly different signal at 6 d (634.29±10.78 n vs 2 864.51±100.86; n t=-121.86, n P<0.001). The ultrasound imaging capability of GVs-PEI-BMSCsn in vivo was much better than that of BMSCs at each time point with still significantly different signal at 6 d (2 108.02±217.96 n vs 267.71±7.87; n t=-121.39, n P<0.001).n Conclusion:GVs-PEI-BMSCs are successfully fabricated with the advantages of significant ultrasound imaging capability, long duration and safety, which provide a brand-new means for stem cells tracking n in vivo.n