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目的分析1985—2014年间乌鲁木齐市汉族中学生体质变化趋势,为制定学生体质改善政策提供理论依据。方法采用1985—2014年全国体质健康调研数据,对乌鲁木齐市7~18岁汉族中小学生速度和耐力素质指标进行比较。结果近30年间乌鲁木齐市中小学生50 m跑水平整体下滑,其中男生成绩下降0.1 s(P<0.05);耐力素质方面男生和女生也呈现不断下降的趋势。城市学生速度素质明显下滑,城乡学生的速度素质间差距不断缩小,但城市学生成绩仍好于乡村。1985—2014年间,乌鲁木齐市男生和女生的耐力跑成绩连续下降,其中男生下降幅度较大,共下降42.03 s;城市和农村13~18岁中学生的耐力跑成绩在1985—2010年呈下降趋势,其中男生成绩下降47 s,女生下降40 s,城市中学生2010—2014年耐力素质有所回升,其中男生上升6.9 s,女生上升19.2 s,而乡村中学生的耐力素质仍在下降。结论1985—2014年乌鲁木齐市学生速度素质男生下降明显,男女生的耐力素质不断下降,其中以乡村学生下降速度尤为突出。应切实认识到学生耐力素质不断下降的原因,采取有效措施提高乌鲁木齐市中小学生体质水平。
Objective To analyze the trend of constitutional changes of middle school students in Han nationality in Urumqi during 1985-2014 and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of students’ constitutional improvement policies. Methods The data of 1985-2004 National Physical Health Survey were used to compare the speed and endurance qualities of Han students of 7-18 years old in Urumqi. Results Urumqi primary and secondary students in the past 30 years, the overall level of 50 m run down, including boys decreased 0.1 s (P <0.05); male and female endurance quality also showed a declining trend. The speed and quality of urban students have obviously declined. The gap between the speed and quality of students in urban and rural areas has been shrinking steadily. However, the performance of urban students is still better than that of rural areas. Between 1985 and 2014, the endurance performance of boys and girls in Urumqi continued to decline, with boys declining by 42.03 s in total. The endurance performance of middle school students in urban and rural areas aged 13-18 decreased from 1985 to 2010, Among them, 47 s drop in boys’ scores and 40 s decrease in girl students, the stamina quality of urban middle school students rebounded from 2010 to 2014, with boys up by 6.9 s and girls up by 19.2 s, while the endurance quality of rural middle school students is still declining. Conclusion From 1985 to 2014, the male students’ speed quality of students in Urumqi decreased significantly, while the endurance quality of male and female students continued to decline. Among them, the drop rate of rural students was particularly prominent. Students should be aware of the reasons for the declining quality of endurance, take effective measures to improve the quality of primary and secondary students in Urumqi.