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将来自北纬22.7°至北纬50.2°的19个春播大豆品种在2 a内分4期进行播种,研究了播期对不同生育期类型春大豆的形态和产量等生态性状的影响。结果表明:株高和主茎节数随着播期的延迟逐渐降低,并且降低幅度随着播期的延迟而增加。在各种熟期类型品种中,中早熟类型品种的株高和主茎节数降低的幅度最大。不同播期下大豆植株的地上生物产量、茎秆重、荚壳、籽粒产量、单株荚数、单位面积粒数和百粒重差异较大,并且播期对不同熟期类型品种的作用不同。在迟播(6月11日和7月1日播种)条件下,早熟、中早熟和中晚熟类型品种的籽粒重占地上部生物产量的比例(经济系数)提高。迟播(6月11日和7月1日播种)可提高极早熟类型品种的单株荚数、单位面积粒数和百粒重。
Nineteen spring-sown soybean cultivars ranging from 22.7 ° N latitude to 50.2 ° N latitude were sown in 4 stages within 2 years to study the effects of sowing date on ecological traits such as morphological and yield of spring soybean at different growth stages. The results showed that the plant height and the number of main stem segments decreased with the delay of sowing date, and the decreasing extent increased with the sowing date. Among varieties of various maturity types, the plant height and the number of main stem segments of the middle-early maturing varieties decreased most. The above-ground biomass, stalk weight, pod shell, grain yield, pod number per plant, grain weight per unit area and weight per 100 kernels of soybean plants differed greatly under different sowing dates, and the sowing date had different effects on different maturity varieties . In late-sowing (sown on June 11 and July 1), the ratio of grain weight to above-ground biomass production (economic coefficient) for early-maturing, middle-early maturing and middle-late maturing varieties was increased. Late sowing (June 11 and July 1 sowing) can increase the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per unit area and the weight of one hundred kernels of the very precocious varieties.