直肠癌在我国好发于腹膜返折平面以下。由于该处的解剖位置和肠壁外的淋巴组织丰富,扩散范围广泛,对中、晚期直肠癌即使施行了经腹会阴切除术,盆腔手术野的局部复发率仍很高,可达29—45%。如何预防和减少术后局部复发是提高治疗效果的重要环节。结合我国具体的医疗情况,抓紧在明确诊断至施行手术期间进行有效的辅助性治疗,对预防和减少术后局部复发,提高疗效有重要的作用。为此,瑞金医院外科从1981年起探索了直肠癌术前5-Fu辅助化 Rectal cancer in our country occurs in the peritoneal fold plane below. Because of its anatomical location and extensive lymphatic tissue outside the intestine wall, the spread is extensive. Even if transabdominal perineal resection is performed on rectal cancer in the middle and late stages, the local recurrence rate in the pelvic surgical field is still high, up to 29-45. %. How to prevent and reduce postoperative local recurrence is an important part of improving the therapeutic effect. Combining with the specific medical conditions in China, it is important to pay close attention to the effective adjuvant therapy during the definite diagnosis to the operation, which has an important role in preventing and reducing postoperative local recurrence and improving curative effect. To this end, Ruijin Hospital Surgery explored preoperative 5-Fu assisted rectal cancer surgery in 1981