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北极公海渔业问题随着气候变暖和北冰洋冰雪消融而日益凸显出重要的战略价值。斯瓦尔巴群岛的渔业保护区紧邻北极公海,挪威依据《斯瓦尔巴条约》在保护区行驶管辖权,但缔约国从未正式承认挪威管辖权的合法性,北极公海渔业资源的战略价值必将再次引发缔约国对斯岛渔业保护区特殊性与合法性的争论与博弈。作为《联合国海洋公约》与《斯约》缔约国,中国应积极参与北极公海及斯岛渔业规则的制定进程,倡导在生态保护合作原则和预防性原则基础上,制定北极公海区域或次区域渔业管理规则,加强中国在北极公海与斯岛渔业保护区捕鱼权的双向互动,以此为突破口深度介入北极地区性、领域化的制度设计。
The arctic fishery problem in the high seas has increasingly highlighted its strategic value as the climate warms and the ice and snow melt in the Arctic Ocean. Fisheries Sanctuary in Svalbard is close to the open sea in the Arctic. Norway has jurisdiction over the sanctuaries under the Svalbard Treaty. However, the State party has never officially recognized the legitimacy of Norway’s jurisdiction and the strategic value of the Arctic fishery resources is bound to rise again Initiation of debate and game in the State party on the particularity and legitimacy of the island fishery protection zone. As a signatory party to the UN convention on maritime conventions and the treaty, China should actively participate in the process of formulating the Arctic sea and the fishery rules on the island and advocate the development of fisheries management in the arctic high seas or the sub-region on the basis of the principle of ecological cooperation and prevention Rules to strengthen the two-way interaction between China and the fishing rights in the high seas of the Arctic and the island fishery reserves as a breakthrough point to intervene in the design of a regional and territorial system in the Arctic.