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英语中的部分否定(也称不完全否定)是高中阶段重要的语法之一,对它的正确理解和分析有助于我们对文章的理解,并且可以提高解题的准确性。英语中的部分否定有如下几种表示方法:
一、all 的否定式
not all...(或all...not)表示“并非都……”、“不是所有的都……”例如:
Not all my plants have died.
并非我所有的花草都死光了。
All horses are animals,but not all animals are horses.
所有的马都是动物,但并不是所有的动物都是马。
二、both 的否定式
not...both(或both...not)表示“并非两个……都……”例如:
I don’t want both the cradle and crib.
我并不是摇篮和婴儿床都想要。
Both (the) women are not French.
那两名妇女并非都是法国人。
三、every,everybody,everyone,everything,everywhere的否定式
not...every(或every...not)表示“并非每个……都……”例如:
She knows not every student in the school.
不是学校里的每一个学生她都认识。
The police questioned not everyone in the room.
警方并没有盘问房间里的每一个人。
This flower is not seen everywhere.
这花并不是随处可见的。
四、always的否定式
not...always表示“并非总是……”例如:
We are not always this busy.
我们并不是一直都这样忙。
There isn’t always somebody at home in the evenings.
晚上并不是总有人在家。
五、entirely,altogether,completely和quite的否定式
not...entirely/altogether/completely/quite表示“并非完全……”例如:
I’m not entirely happy about the proposal.
我对这个建议并非十分满意。
I don’t altogether agree with you.
我并不完全同意你的意见。
The explosion didn’t completely destroy the building.
爆炸并没有完全毁掉那栋大楼。
It was not quite as simple as I thought it would be.
这事不完全像我想的那么简单。
六、all the time的否定式
not...all the time表示“并非一直……”、“未必总是……”例如:
He doesn’t live alone all the time.
他并非一直索居独处。
He doesn’t make mistakes all the time.
他未必总是犯错误。
七、not...and...的否定式
此句型中被否定的往往是and后面的部分。 例如:
He did not speak loudly and clearly.
他讲得大声但不清楚。
This film is not interesting and instructive.
这部电影有趣但无教育意义。
但如果将and换成or,则not对其后面的部分就是全盘否定了。例如:
He did not speak loudly or clearly.
他讲得既不大声也不清楚。
八、not all that good,not as bad(ly),not as all that的否定式
表示“不那么好”、“并非那么坏”、“并非那么……”例如:
He doesn’t sing all that well.
他唱得并不特别好。
They’re not as rich as all that.
他们并不是那么富有。
如果要将文章中所述的all,both,every,always以及entirely,altogether,completely,quite和 all the time等词作完全否定,那么就要用分别与之相对应的全否定词,如no,none,neither,no one,never,not (never)...at all等。例如:
All of them are hard workers.
—None of them is hard workers.
Both of the women are French.
—Neither of the women is French.
Everybody knows Jim.
—Nobody knows Jim.
He is always busy.
—He is never busy.
We haven’t completely forgotten it.
—We never remember it at all.
You help me all the time.
—You never help me.
一、all 的否定式
not all...(或all...not)表示“并非都……”、“不是所有的都……”例如:
Not all my plants have died.
并非我所有的花草都死光了。
All horses are animals,but not all animals are horses.
所有的马都是动物,但并不是所有的动物都是马。
二、both 的否定式
not...both(或both...not)表示“并非两个……都……”例如:
I don’t want both the cradle and crib.
我并不是摇篮和婴儿床都想要。
Both (the) women are not French.
那两名妇女并非都是法国人。
三、every,everybody,everyone,everything,everywhere的否定式
not...every(或every...not)表示“并非每个……都……”例如:
She knows not every student in the school.
不是学校里的每一个学生她都认识。
The police questioned not everyone in the room.
警方并没有盘问房间里的每一个人。
This flower is not seen everywhere.
这花并不是随处可见的。
四、always的否定式
not...always表示“并非总是……”例如:
We are not always this busy.
我们并不是一直都这样忙。
There isn’t always somebody at home in the evenings.
晚上并不是总有人在家。
五、entirely,altogether,completely和quite的否定式
not...entirely/altogether/completely/quite表示“并非完全……”例如:
I’m not entirely happy about the proposal.
我对这个建议并非十分满意。
I don’t altogether agree with you.
我并不完全同意你的意见。
The explosion didn’t completely destroy the building.
爆炸并没有完全毁掉那栋大楼。
It was not quite as simple as I thought it would be.
这事不完全像我想的那么简单。
六、all the time的否定式
not...all the time表示“并非一直……”、“未必总是……”例如:
He doesn’t live alone all the time.
他并非一直索居独处。
He doesn’t make mistakes all the time.
他未必总是犯错误。
七、not...and...的否定式
此句型中被否定的往往是and后面的部分。 例如:
He did not speak loudly and clearly.
他讲得大声但不清楚。
This film is not interesting and instructive.
这部电影有趣但无教育意义。
但如果将and换成or,则not对其后面的部分就是全盘否定了。例如:
He did not speak loudly or clearly.
他讲得既不大声也不清楚。
八、not all that good,not as bad(ly),not as all that的否定式
表示“不那么好”、“并非那么坏”、“并非那么……”例如:
He doesn’t sing all that well.
他唱得并不特别好。
They’re not as rich as all that.
他们并不是那么富有。
如果要将文章中所述的all,both,every,always以及entirely,altogether,completely,quite和 all the time等词作完全否定,那么就要用分别与之相对应的全否定词,如no,none,neither,no one,never,not (never)...at all等。例如:
All of them are hard workers.
—None of them is hard workers.
Both of the women are French.
—Neither of the women is French.
Everybody knows Jim.
—Nobody knows Jim.
He is always busy.
—He is never busy.
We haven’t completely forgotten it.
—We never remember it at all.
You help me all the time.
—You never help me.