汽车荷载和地震作用都有可能造成桥梁支座脱空而导致上部结构侧翻,地震作用时支座还可能发生破损或滑脱而导致上部结构落梁。本文参照日本公路桥梁设计规范对防止由于支座失效导致极端事件发生的方法加以说明。针对我国的桥梁设计,提出如下建议:(1)对于汽车荷载产生的负反力应加倍考虑;(2)为满足抗震要求,橡胶支座的水平变形性能须提高,并强调橡胶支座同上下部分结构之间的锚固必须牢固可靠。 Both vehicle loads and earthquakes may cause the abutment of the bridge to empty and cause the overturning of the superstructure. When the earthquake is underway, the abutment may also break or slippage and the superstructure may fall off. This paper refers to the Japan Highway Bridge Design Code to prevent the occurrence of extreme events due to bearing failure to illustrate the method. In view of the bridge design in our country, the following suggestions are put forward: (1) Negative reaction force generated by automobile load should be doubled; (2) In order to meet the seismic requirements, the horizontal deformation performance of rubber bearings should be improved, Part of the structure of the anchor must be solid and reliable.