【目的】通过定位试验,综合评价中国南方双季稻地区有机无机肥配施对水稻粒重与结实率的影响。【方法】从江西连续30年的定位试验稻田采样,比较施用化肥(NPK)、等养分条件下70%化肥配施30%有机肥(70F+30M)、50%化肥配施50%有机肥(50F+50M)、30%化肥配施70%有机肥(30F+70M)的稻穗不同部位粒重与结实率。有机肥早稻用紫云英,晚稻用腐熟猪粪;无机肥用尿素、过磷酸钙与氯化钾。采集的水稻品种为赣晚籼37号(926),把稻穗分为上、中、下三个部位,然后分别截取一次枝梗和二次枝梗上的籽粒测定粒重与结实率。【结果】1)与单施化肥相比,三个有机无机肥配施处理水稻的结实率均有提高,特别是稻穗中、下部的结实率均高于NPK处理,虽未达显著水平,但稻穗中、下部结实率的变异性远低于全施化肥处理;2)有机无机肥不同比例对粒重影响不同,50F+50M处理的粒重与NPK相比,显著增加了3.1%,而70F+30M和30F+70M处理差异不显著;3)将稻穗分为上、中、下三个部位,70F+30M和30F+70M处理不同穗位的粒重与NPK处理相比差异均不明显,但50F+50M处理穗上部与穗中部粒重分别增加了4.7%与3.8%,由于粒重变异系数较大,粒重增加不显著;4)与NPK处理相比,50F+50M处理稻穗上部的一次、二次枝梗粒重分别增加了4.8%与4.7%,稻穗中部的分别增加了3.0%与4.6%,但70F+30M和30F+70M处理稻穗上、中部不同枝梗的粒重与NPK处理相比无明显差异;5)有机无机肥配施处理稻穗上部各枝梗结实率与NPK处理无明显差异,但稻穗中、下部的一、二次枝梗结实率都大于NPK处理,其中二次枝梗结实率增加的幅度较大;有机无机配施穗中部与穗下部一次枝梗结实率变异系数小,但二次枝梗结实率的增加呈现不稳定状态。【结论】有机肥化肥的配施比例影响着水稻稻穗不同部位枝梗的实粒数和粒重。本试验条件下,50%化肥与50%有机肥配合最有利于增加稻穗中、上部一、二次枝梗的粒重,但对稻穗各部位粒重的增加不稳定;50%化肥配施50%有机肥配合还有利于增加稻穗中、下部二次枝梗的结实率。有机肥配施比例高于或低于50%时,养分供应滞后或超前,均未显现出优于单施化肥的效果,但是其结实率和粒重的稳定性,也在一定程度上体现了有机无机配施对水稻稻穗结实率和实粒重的良好作用。 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers application on the grain weight and seed setting rate of double cropping paddy in southern China through the location experiment. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out on 30-year-old paddy fields in Jiangxi Province for sampling and comparison with NPK fertilizers. 70% fertilizer (70F + 30M) and 50% fertilizer with 50% organic fertilizer 50F + 50M), 30% fertilizer with 70% organic fertilizer (30F + 70M) in different parts of the grain weight and seed setting rate. Organic early rice with milk vetch, late rice with decomposed pig manure; inorganic fertilizer with urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride. The rice variety was Ganxianxian 37 (926). The rice panicle was divided into upper, middle and lower parts. Then the grains on the primary and secondary branchlets were intercepted separately to measure the grain weight and seed setting rate. 【Result】 1) Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizers, the seed setting rate of three organic and inorganic fertilizers increased, especially the seed setting rate of middle and lower part of panicle was higher than that of NPK treatment. Although it did not reach the significant level, However, the variability of seed setting rate in middle and lower part of rice was much lower than that of all chemical fertilizers. 2) Different proportions of organic-inorganic fertilizers had different effects on grain weight, grain weight of 50F + 50M increased significantly by 3.1% While the treatments of 70F + 30M and 30F + 70M were not significantly different. 3) The rice panicle was divided into upper, middle and lower parts. The difference of grain weight between 70F + 30M and 30F + 70M But the 50F + 50M treatment increased the grain weight of the upper part and the middle part of the panicle by 4.7% and 3.8% respectively, but the increase of grain weight was not significant due to the larger variation coefficient of grain weight. 4) Compared with NPK treatment, 50F + 50M treatment In the upper part of the rice panicle, the secondary branchlet weight increased by 4.8% and 4.7%, while the middle part of the panicle increased by 3.0% and 4.6% respectively. However, 70F + 30M and 30F + 70M had different upper and lower branches The grain weight of the stems had no significant difference compared with the NPK treatment. 5) The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers did not show any significant difference in the seed setting rate between the upper part of the panicle and the NPK, The primary and secondary branch rates were higher than that of NPK, and the secondary branch rate was higher. The coefficient of variation of secondary branch rate was lower in the middle part and the lower part of the spike, Rate increases showed an unstable state. 【Conclusion】 The proportion of organic manure and chemical fertilizers affected the grain number and grain weight of branch stems in different parts of rice panicles. Under the experimental conditions, the combination of 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% organic fertilizer is the most suitable for increasing the grain weight of the primary and secondary branches in the panicles, but the increase of the grain weight in each part of the panicles is not stable. The 50% fertilizer Applying 50% organic fertilizer is also conducive to increasing the seed setting rate of the secondary and secondary branches in the panicle. When the proportion of manure applied was higher or lower than 50%, the supply of nutrients lagged or advanced, and no significant effect was found on the application of chemical fertilizers. However, the seed setting rate and the stability of grain weight were also reflected to some extent Good effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on the seed setting rate and grain weight of rice.