改革开放以来,以东北三省为代表的老工业基地经济发展速度相对滞后。其重要原因是国有老企业多,效益差;民营企业数量少,发展慢。而国有老企业的最大弊端,一是人员多,包袱重;二是体制落后,机制不活。而第一个弊端又是第二个弊端的原因。老企业养了那么多人,裁减力度大了又引起不安定。引进外资和民营资本很难,形成新的体制和机制也很难。国有企业冗员多的问题不迅速解决,企业拥 Since the reform and opening up, the economic development of old industrial bases represented by the three northeastern provinces has lagged behind. The important reason is that there are many state-owned old enterprises and the benefits are poor. The number of private enterprises is small and the development is slow. The biggest drawbacks of state-owned old enterprises, first, more staff, heavy burden; Second, the system is backward, the mechanism is not working. The first one is the second one. The old business has so many people, cut the intensity and caused instability. The introduction of foreign capital and private capital is difficult, the formation of new institutions and mechanisms is also very difficult. The problems of redundant state-owned enterprises are not solved promptly, and enterprises are owned