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目的探讨汽车轮胎胶粒对交通警察(以下简称“交警”)呼吸系统损害及其致敏性。方法对455名外勤交警及243名对照者进行呼吸系统症状询问调查及肺通气功能用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1.0))、最大呼气中期流速(MMF)、呼出肺活量50%时的最大呼气流速(V_(50))等指标测定;并进行455名外勤交警及230名对照人员汽车轮胎胶粒血清特异性IgE抗体水平测定,以及汽车轮胎胶粒抗原的皮肤针刺试验,对其中汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性的66名外勤交警及5名对照人员进行鼻黏膜激发试验;对66名汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性的外勤交警进行硫酸特布他林吸入试验。结果交警咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气短、打喷嚏、鼻塞、流鼻涕等症状的阳性率分别为38.02%、27.03%、20.00%、23.08%、27.47%、32.09%、34.95%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);交警组汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性率为14.51%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);交警组的皮肤针刺试验阳性率为23.73%,明显高于对照组(3.04%);汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性者鼻黏膜激发试验阳性率为54.55%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05);交警肺通气功能FVC、FEV_(1.0)、MMF、V_(50)实测值/预计值的百分比明显低于对照组,66例汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性者硫酸特布他林吸人试验阳性44例,占调查交警总人数的9.67%。结论汽车轮胎胶粒是导致交通警察肺通气功能损害的原因之一,汽车轮胎胶粒有引起交通警察过敏性哮喘的可能。
Objective To investigate the damage to the respiratory system and its sensitization of traffic police (hereinafter referred to as “traffic police”) by rubber tire. Methods A total of 455 field traffic police officers and 243 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Their respiratory symptoms were investigated and their vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV_ (1.0)), maximum expiratory flow rate (MMF) The maximum expiratory flow velocity (V_ (50)) at 50% expiratory volume was measured. The levels of serum IgE antibodies in rubber tire of 455 field traffic policemen and 230 control workers were measured, Skin acupuncture test, one of the car tire latex particle-specific IgE antibody-positive 66 field traffic police and five control officers nasal mucosal challenge test; 66 car tire rubber particle-specific IgE antibody-resistant field traffic police special sulfate Butabarin inhalation test. Results The positive rate of traffic police cough, sputum, chest tightness, shortness of breath, sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose and other symptoms were 38.02%, 27.03%, 20.00%, 23.08%, 27.47%, 32.09% and 34.95% (P <0.01 or P <0.05). The positive rate of latex particle-specific IgE antibody in traffic police car was 14.51%, which was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.01 or P <0.05), and the difference was statistically significant <0.05). The positive rate of skin acupuncture test in traffic police group was 23.73%, which was significantly higher than that in control group (3.04%). The positive rate of nasal mucosal provocation test in rubber tire-specific IgE antibody positive group was 54.55% (P <0.01 and P <0.05). The percentage of FVC, FEV_ (1.0), MMF and V_ (50) measured / predicted value of traffic police was significantly lower than that of the control group T tire rubber particles-specific IgE antibody positive teste sulfate inhalation test positive 44 cases, accounting for 9.67% of the total traffic police investigation. Conclusion Tire rubber particles are one of the causes of damage to traffic police lung ventilation. Tire particles may cause allergic asthma in traffic police.