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目的了解青少年自杀意念现况及其影响因素,为有针对性地采取防治措施,提高中学生心理健康水平提供依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,在长沙市抽取2216名中学生,采用自制一般情况问卷、自杀意念问卷、青少年生活事件量表和自尊量表进行调查。结果①长沙青少年自杀意念的检出率为24.2%,自杀计划的检出率为6%,自杀未遂的检出率为2.5%;②女生自杀意念发生率高于男生(χ2=34.814,P<0.01)、非独生子女的自杀意念发生率高于独生子女(χ2=5.760,P<0.05)、单亲家庭的自杀意念发生率高于非单亲家庭(χ2=17.385,P<0.01),家庭经济条件越差、家庭关系越不和睦和父母经常打骂,自杀意念发生率越高(χ2=23.215,44.442,66.915;P<0.01);③多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响自杀意念的相关因素有性别、家庭关系情况、家庭暴力情况、生活事件总刺激量、学习压力因子、受惩罚因子、丧失因子和自尊水平。结论青少年自杀意念发生率仍较高,其危险因素有女性、非独生子女、单亲家庭、家庭经济差、家庭关系不和睦、父母经常打骂、负性生活事件以及低自尊水平。
Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of teenager suicidal ideation, and to provide evidence for targeted prevention and control measures and improving the mental health of middle school students. Methods Taken stratified cluster random sampling method, 2216 middle school students were sampled from Changsha City. The questionnaires of self-made general conditions, questionnaire of suicide ideation, adolescent life event scale and self-esteem scale were used to investigate. Results ① The detection rate of suicidal ideation was 24.2% in Changsha, 6% in suicide plan and 2.5% in attempted suicide. ② The incidence of suicidal ideation was higher in girls than in boys (χ2 = 34.814, P < (Χ2 = 5.760, P <0.05). The incidence rate of suicide ideation in single-parent families was higher than that in non-single-parent families (χ2 = 17.385, P <0.01). The family economic conditions The worse the worse the family relationship and parents often beaten, the higher the incidence of suicidal ideation (χ2 = 23.215,44.442,66.915; P <0.01); ③multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that related factors affecting suicidal ideation were gender , Family relations, domestic violence, total life-cycle stimuli, learning stressors, punishments, loss factors and self-esteem. Conclusions The incidence of suicide ideation in adolescents is still high. The risk factors are teenage female, non-only child, single-parent family, poor family economy, family disharmony, frequent abuse of parents, negative life events and low self-esteem.