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吕剧是山东尤其济南最主要的地方戏曲剧种之一。它以淳朴生动的语言、优美悦耳的唱腔、丰富多彩的音乐语汇而深得广大人民群众的喜爱。
关于“吕剧”这一称谓的由来,有多种说法。主要说法是,因首演化装扬琴戏《王小赶脚》时以纸糊驴为道具演唱,被当时的群众称之为“唱驴戏的”,或直称为“驴戏”,“驴”字有失大雅,所以改名。因“驴”与“吕”谐音,遂演变为“吕剧”。虽然“吕剧”这一称谓的由来说法众多,但在解放前,“吕剧”这一名称却从来没有被正式确定。艺人们一般将自己演唱戏称为“化装扬琴戏”,大多数群众也以“化装扬琴”或“扬琴戏”称之。
1952年以后,在对化装扬琴戏进行了一系列改革的基础上,以原“山东省歌剧团”为基础正式成立了“山东省吕剧团”,“济南市鲁声琴剧团”也正式定名为“济南市吕剧团”。至此,吕剧这一名称被正式确定。
中华人民共和国的成立,使吕剧发源地人民的物质生活条件有了很大改善。吕剧作为一种真正的舞台表演艺术受到党和官方的重视及广大群众的热爱。
吕剧的音乐是在从民间俗曲演变而来的,在“坐腔洋琴”的基础上逐渐发展而成,其最为突出的特点是:既是“戏曲”又是“曲艺”。唱腔以板腔体为主,兼唱曲牌。曲调简单朴实、优美动听、灵活顺口、易学易唱。基本板式有“四平”、“二板”、“娃娃”三种。吕剧的伴奏乐器分文场和武场。文场主要乐器是坠琴、扬琴,其次为二胡、三弦、琵琶、笛子、唢呐等,可视剧情酌情增减。新中国成立后又增加了一些西洋管弦乐器,伴奏多采用“学舌”形式,武场伴奏乐器主要有皮鼓、板、大锣、小锣、大铙钹、堂鼓、打鼓等。锣鼓经均自京剧等剧种吸收。
吕剧曲调虽少,但富于变化。唱词通俗易懂,唱腔朴实无华、优美流利,娓娓动听。而且,在民间有着深刻的群众基础。吕剧传统剧目多取材于民间传说故事,反映下层人民普通的日常生活,内容表现家庭伦理、风土人情、恋爱婚姻、儿女情长,经过历代艺人的千锤百炼,大部分戏故事性强,情节细致生动,群众语汇丰富,表演朴实自然,没有严格的程式规范,比较生活化。由于吕剧运用齐鲁乡音表现民间生活、民俗民情,充满人民的感情和生活气息,故为广大群众喜闻乐见。
1953年,山东省吕剧团《李二嫂改嫁》的改编演出获得极大成功,使山东吕剧在全国驰名,是吕剧发展史上的一座里程碑。一批新的优秀剧目如《姊妹易嫁》、传统戏《王定保借当》、《光明大道》分别获得了剧本奖、演员奖和音乐奖。《李二嫂改嫁》和其它剧目曾多次晋京演出,剧团受到了党和国家领导人的接见。1957年前后,《李二嫂改嫁》、《两垄地》、《姊妹易嫁》、《王汉喜借年》、《逼婚记》等剧目先后拍成电影艺术片在全国乃至国外放映。在此期间,50年代以后出现的著名女演员郎咸芬在现代吕剧中创造了许多成功的艺术形象,《李二嫂改嫁》中的李二嫂、《丰收之后》中的赵五婶都给人留下深刻印象。她唱腔淳厚、表演朴实,很受观众欢迎。同期的著名女演员还有林建华,王俊英等。
50多年来,经过全省各大吕剧院(团)无数艺术家的辛勤劳动,吕剧艺术事业得到了空前发展。艺术院校、各院团培养了大批优秀人才,挖掘、移植了许多优秀剧目,吕剧的唱腔设计、乐队组合、舞台美术、音响、灯光等方面也不断改革,使吕剧面貌焕然一新。一台台优秀剧目多次进京上演,并得到许多国家领导人高度评价,撑起中国戏曲艺术一片天地,发展为全国著名的地方剧种。
如今,吕剧在现代戏探索上也成绩卓著,其中较有代表性的就是现代戏《补天》。作为山东省吕剧院的重头戏,《补天》再现了当年8000名山东籍赴疆垦荒女兵的感人故事。该剧取名《补天》,就是把8000名山东女兵比作“新时代的女娲”,讴歌她们的奉献精神。它和《李二嫂改嫁》一起展示新老吕剧的风采。
Lu Opera, one of the foremost local operas of Shandong particularly of Jinan, is deeply loved by the great masses because of its simple and vivid language, melodious aria as well as its rich and colorful music.
The establishment of the People’s Republic of China greatly improved the living conditions of people who lived in the source region of the Lu Opera. And great attention of the Party and government was paid to the Lu Opera, a true art of stage performance, which was loved by the masses.
Over 50 years, through the hard work of innumerable artists from each large Lu Opera Troupe in the whole province, Lu Opera has achieved unprecedented development. Artistic schools and all theatres and troupes have cultivated a large number of excellent talents, and unearthed and modified many excellent plays. Moreover, designs of aria, bands, stage art, acoustics and lighting have gradually been reformed. All of this gives Lu Opera a complete new look. Excellent plays have been performed one after another in Beijing many times, which were thought highly of by many national leaders. Now it has got a footing among the operas in China, and has developed into a famous local opera nationwide.
Nowadays, Lu Opera has made outstanding achievements in exploring the modern drama in which the most representative one is the Improving Heaven. As an important modern drama to Shandong Lu Opera Troupe this year, the Improving Heaven reproduces a moving story of 8,000 female soldiers of Shandong Province who went to Xin Jiang Autonomous Region for cultivating wasteland. It is named as the Improving Heaven because the female soldiers of Shandong Province were compared to the “Nuwa of the new era” (hence Nuwa is a goddess in Chinese mythology who amends the heaven with stones), so as to praise their spirit of dedication. This opera, together with Li Ersao’s Remarriage,shoßws the charm of the old and new Lu Opera.
关于“吕剧”这一称谓的由来,有多种说法。主要说法是,因首演化装扬琴戏《王小赶脚》时以纸糊驴为道具演唱,被当时的群众称之为“唱驴戏的”,或直称为“驴戏”,“驴”字有失大雅,所以改名。因“驴”与“吕”谐音,遂演变为“吕剧”。虽然“吕剧”这一称谓的由来说法众多,但在解放前,“吕剧”这一名称却从来没有被正式确定。艺人们一般将自己演唱戏称为“化装扬琴戏”,大多数群众也以“化装扬琴”或“扬琴戏”称之。
1952年以后,在对化装扬琴戏进行了一系列改革的基础上,以原“山东省歌剧团”为基础正式成立了“山东省吕剧团”,“济南市鲁声琴剧团”也正式定名为“济南市吕剧团”。至此,吕剧这一名称被正式确定。
中华人民共和国的成立,使吕剧发源地人民的物质生活条件有了很大改善。吕剧作为一种真正的舞台表演艺术受到党和官方的重视及广大群众的热爱。
吕剧的音乐是在从民间俗曲演变而来的,在“坐腔洋琴”的基础上逐渐发展而成,其最为突出的特点是:既是“戏曲”又是“曲艺”。唱腔以板腔体为主,兼唱曲牌。曲调简单朴实、优美动听、灵活顺口、易学易唱。基本板式有“四平”、“二板”、“娃娃”三种。吕剧的伴奏乐器分文场和武场。文场主要乐器是坠琴、扬琴,其次为二胡、三弦、琵琶、笛子、唢呐等,可视剧情酌情增减。新中国成立后又增加了一些西洋管弦乐器,伴奏多采用“学舌”形式,武场伴奏乐器主要有皮鼓、板、大锣、小锣、大铙钹、堂鼓、打鼓等。锣鼓经均自京剧等剧种吸收。
吕剧曲调虽少,但富于变化。唱词通俗易懂,唱腔朴实无华、优美流利,娓娓动听。而且,在民间有着深刻的群众基础。吕剧传统剧目多取材于民间传说故事,反映下层人民普通的日常生活,内容表现家庭伦理、风土人情、恋爱婚姻、儿女情长,经过历代艺人的千锤百炼,大部分戏故事性强,情节细致生动,群众语汇丰富,表演朴实自然,没有严格的程式规范,比较生活化。由于吕剧运用齐鲁乡音表现民间生活、民俗民情,充满人民的感情和生活气息,故为广大群众喜闻乐见。
1953年,山东省吕剧团《李二嫂改嫁》的改编演出获得极大成功,使山东吕剧在全国驰名,是吕剧发展史上的一座里程碑。一批新的优秀剧目如《姊妹易嫁》、传统戏《王定保借当》、《光明大道》分别获得了剧本奖、演员奖和音乐奖。《李二嫂改嫁》和其它剧目曾多次晋京演出,剧团受到了党和国家领导人的接见。1957年前后,《李二嫂改嫁》、《两垄地》、《姊妹易嫁》、《王汉喜借年》、《逼婚记》等剧目先后拍成电影艺术片在全国乃至国外放映。在此期间,50年代以后出现的著名女演员郎咸芬在现代吕剧中创造了许多成功的艺术形象,《李二嫂改嫁》中的李二嫂、《丰收之后》中的赵五婶都给人留下深刻印象。她唱腔淳厚、表演朴实,很受观众欢迎。同期的著名女演员还有林建华,王俊英等。
50多年来,经过全省各大吕剧院(团)无数艺术家的辛勤劳动,吕剧艺术事业得到了空前发展。艺术院校、各院团培养了大批优秀人才,挖掘、移植了许多优秀剧目,吕剧的唱腔设计、乐队组合、舞台美术、音响、灯光等方面也不断改革,使吕剧面貌焕然一新。一台台优秀剧目多次进京上演,并得到许多国家领导人高度评价,撑起中国戏曲艺术一片天地,发展为全国著名的地方剧种。
如今,吕剧在现代戏探索上也成绩卓著,其中较有代表性的就是现代戏《补天》。作为山东省吕剧院的重头戏,《补天》再现了当年8000名山东籍赴疆垦荒女兵的感人故事。该剧取名《补天》,就是把8000名山东女兵比作“新时代的女娲”,讴歌她们的奉献精神。它和《李二嫂改嫁》一起展示新老吕剧的风采。
Lu Opera, one of the foremost local operas of Shandong particularly of Jinan, is deeply loved by the great masses because of its simple and vivid language, melodious aria as well as its rich and colorful music.
The establishment of the People’s Republic of China greatly improved the living conditions of people who lived in the source region of the Lu Opera. And great attention of the Party and government was paid to the Lu Opera, a true art of stage performance, which was loved by the masses.
Over 50 years, through the hard work of innumerable artists from each large Lu Opera Troupe in the whole province, Lu Opera has achieved unprecedented development. Artistic schools and all theatres and troupes have cultivated a large number of excellent talents, and unearthed and modified many excellent plays. Moreover, designs of aria, bands, stage art, acoustics and lighting have gradually been reformed. All of this gives Lu Opera a complete new look. Excellent plays have been performed one after another in Beijing many times, which were thought highly of by many national leaders. Now it has got a footing among the operas in China, and has developed into a famous local opera nationwide.
Nowadays, Lu Opera has made outstanding achievements in exploring the modern drama in which the most representative one is the Improving Heaven. As an important modern drama to Shandong Lu Opera Troupe this year, the Improving Heaven reproduces a moving story of 8,000 female soldiers of Shandong Province who went to Xin Jiang Autonomous Region for cultivating wasteland. It is named as the Improving Heaven because the female soldiers of Shandong Province were compared to the “Nuwa of the new era” (hence Nuwa is a goddess in Chinese mythology who amends the heaven with stones), so as to praise their spirit of dedication. This opera, together with Li Ersao’s Remarriage,shoßws the charm of the old and new Lu Opera.