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飞机在有积水、融雪的跑道起降时,由轮胎滑跑所产生的溅水有可能影响飞机的滑跑性能与安全。因此,积水跑道上的滑跑溅水试验是民航飞机适航审定的一个重要科目。在有限元软件LS-DYNA中对飞机轮胎溅水进行模拟,对于水粒子的模拟采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法。针对某一具体轮胎参数首先进行了工程估算分析,接着建立了飞机轮胎的溅水分析模型,并对模型有效性进行了验证,进而分析了多种因素对轮胎溅水形态分布的影响。通过工程估算和数值计算结果的比较,发现存在临界的飞机滑跑速度,当飞机滑跑速度处于该临界值时,侧视溅水角度达到最大值。并在数值模拟中给出了不同位置溅水量相对大小的统计方法并指出轮胎翻边对溅水有显著的影响。
Plane splashes caused by skidding of tires may affect the performance and safety of the aircraft when it runs on a runway with water and snowmelt. Therefore, the splash run-off test on the water runway is an important subject for airworthiness certification of civil aircraft. In the finite element software LS-DYNA, the airplane tire splashing was simulated. The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to simulate water particles. First of all, for a specific tire parameters, engineering estimation and analysis were carried out. Then, a model of splashing analysis of aircraft tires was established, and the validity of the model was verified. Then, the influence of various factors on the distribution of tire splashing morphology was analyzed. Through the comparison of engineering estimation and numerical calculation, it is found that there is a critical aircraft slip speed. When the aircraft slip speed is at the critical value, the side splash angle reaches the maximum. In the numerical simulation, a statistical method of the relative size of water splashing at different positions is given and the effect of tire flanging on splashing is also pointed out.