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泛素-蛋白酶体系统(UPS)是体内广泛存在的一种蛋白酶体系统,由泛素(Ub)、泛素激活酶(E1)、泛素结合酶(E2)、泛素连接酶(E3)、26S蛋白酶体和去泛素化酶(DUBs)组成,能够调控体内蛋白降解。研究发现UPS除了蛋白降解功能以外,还参与细胞周期调控、免疫应答、信号传导以及DNA损伤修复等过程。精子发生要经历染色体联会、同源重组等过程,精子DNA在这些过程中易受干扰而出现损伤。近年来研究发现,UPS与精子发生当中的DNA损伤修复有关。UPS参与DNA损伤的修复机制包括:泛素化调节DNA损伤修复相关酶类、协助识别DNA损伤位点、募集损伤修复相关蛋白、启动DNA损伤修复途径、维持染色体稳定,从而保证精子发生正常进行。
Ubiquitin (Ub), ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin-binding enzyme (E2), ubiquitin ligase (E3) and ubiquitin ligase , 26S proteasome and deubiquitinases (DUBs), can regulate protein degradation in vivo. In addition to the proteolytic function, UPS is also involved in processes such as cell cycle regulation, immune response, signaling and DNA damage repair. Spermatogenesis undergoes processes such as chromosome association and homologous recombination, and sperm DNA is easily disturbed and damaged in these processes. In recent years, the study found that UPS is associated with DNA damage repair during spermatogenesis. UPS repair mechanisms involved in DNA damage include: ubiquitination regulates DNA damage repair enzymes, to help identify DNA damage sites, recruitment of damage repair related proteins, start DNA damage repair pathways to maintain chromosome stability, so as to ensure normal spermatogenesis.