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目的了解南京市售蔬菜中重金属污染水平及其对人体健康的危害,为食品安全监督管理和保护居民健康提供科学依据。方法采集南京市区主要农贸市场的940份蔬菜样品,按照国标方法测定蔬菜中重金属总汞、铅、铬的含量。蔬菜重金属污染程度及对人体健康影响分别采用污染指数法和非致癌污染物所致健康危害的风险模型进行评价。结果叶菜类蔬菜中重金属污染较严重,豆类蔬菜中蚕豆汞含量最高超标倍数为12.40倍,大葱汞含量最高超标倍数为19.30倍,南京市居民通过摄入蔬菜途径所引起健康危害的平均个人年风险,铅为2.918×10-8人/年,汞为4.480×10-7人/年,铬为3.845×10-8人/年。结论南京市售蔬菜除少数受到重金属汞污染外,其余蔬菜重金属铅、总汞和铬含量均在安全级别,居民经食入蔬菜途径暴露接触这3种重金属的风险很小。
Objective To understand the level of heavy metal pollution in vegetables sold in Nanjing and its harm to human health and provide a scientific basis for food safety supervision and management and protection of residents’ health. Methods A total of 940 samples of vegetable from Nanjing’s main farmers’ markets were collected and the contents of total Hg, Pb and Cr in vegetables were determined according to GB method. The degree of heavy metal pollution in vegetables and their impact on human health were evaluated using risk models of pollution index and health risks caused by non-carcinogenic pollutants respectively. The results of heavy metal pollution in leafy vegetables is more serious, the maximum exceeding standard multiples of beans in legumes vegetables is 12.40 times, the highest exceeding the standard of mercury content of 19.30 times, Nanjing residents through the intake of vegetables caused by the health hazards of the average individual The annual risk is 2.918 × 10-8 persons / year for lead, 4.480 × 10-7 persons / year for mercury and 3.845 × 10-8 persons / year for chromium. Conclusions Except for a few cases of vegetables sold in Nanjing being contaminated by heavy metal mercury, the contents of heavy metal lead, total mercury and chromium in vegetables are all at safety level. Residents exposed to these three kinds of heavy metals through food intake and vegetables have a low risk.