对生态平衡的研究是发展国民经济,特别是发展农业生产的重要课题.近年来,世界各国在开发自然资源的过程中,愈来愈强调维持生态平衡的重要性.我国环境保护法规定:“切实采取保护和改善环境的措施,防止破坏生态系统.”研究发展经济和保护生态平衡的关系,涉及面广,综合性强,因此,了解生态系统的基本知识,是十分必要的.自然界的物质构成尽管多样复杂,但纵观整个自然界,可分为非生物和生物两大类,非生物是自然界的光、热、大气、水、土、矿物等,生物类有植物(食物生产者)、动物(食物消弗者)、微生物(有机物还原者).各种生物和非生物处在不断的运动和变化中,彼此互相制约,互相依存形成相对稳定的矛盾统一体,叫做生态系统,地球表面的生物圈,就是一个最大的“生态系统”.根据生态系 Research on ecological balance is an important issue in the development of national economy, especially agricultural production.In recent years, all countries in the world have been emphasizing the importance of maintaining ecological balance in the process of developing natural resources.China’s Environmental Protection Law stipulates that “Practically take measures to protect and improve the environment so as not to damage the ecosystem.” “Studying the relationship between developing economy and protecting the ecological balance involves a wide range of aspects and comprehensiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the basic knowledge of the ecosystem. Although its material composition is diverse and complicated, it can be divided into two groups of non-living things and non-living things: light, heat, air, water, soil and minerals. Biological plants ), Animals (those who eliminate food), microorganisms (organic reduction) .A variety of living creatures and non-living things in constant movement and change, mutual restraint, mutual dependence to form a relatively stable contradictory unity, called the ecosystem, The biosphere on the surface of the earth is one of the largest ”ecosystems." According to the ecosystem