兴盛与衰亡，是人类社会历史长河中人们遭遇的两种处境。不同历史时期的历史主体为了取得主动，避凶趋吉，无不注重历史盛衰之由的探寻。明清时代的历史，给我们提供了考察历史盛衰之本的最切近事例。满族崛起历经60余年，也就是通常所称的清开国时期。在此期间，努尔哈赤与皇 Prosperity and decline are the two situations encountered by people in the long history of human society. In order to obtain the initiative and avoidance of evil, the historical subject in different historical periods paid no attention to the exploration of the reasons for the rise and fall of history. The history of the Ming and Qing dynasties provides us with the most immediate examples of the historical ups and downs of history. The rise of Manchu after more than 60 years, which is commonly referred to as the Qing Kai period. In the meantime, Nurhachu and the Emperor