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理论是现实的反映。任何经济理论都是一定社会阶段生产关系的反映,同时经济理论又会随着社会的发展而发展。在阶级对立的社会,经济理论又代表了一定阶级的利益。任何社会都在发展过程中,一定社会开始时处于上升阶段,到一定时候就处于下降阶段了,其中的统治阶级在社会的上升阶段具有革命性和进步性,在下降阶段则具有反动性和落后性,与阶级性质的变化相适应代表统治阶级利益的经济理论也应发生相应的变化。在一定阶段,它所代表的阶级利益和社会利益相一致,和社会的发展要求相一致时就具有积极意义,相反就具有消极意义。在工业化阶段,资本主义经历了上升和下降两个阶段。斯密和李嘉图都处于资本主义向上发展的阶段,是资本主义上升阶段的经济学家,他们关于劳动商品的观点在他们所处的年代具有相对的合理性。但是,资本主义社会的内在矛盾充分暴露出来之后萨伊再坚持劳动商品的观点就是不正确的了,萨伊的劳动商品观点不符合资本主义下降阶段的实际,具有辩护的性质,是一种庸俗理论。再后来,社会进入后工业阶段,资本主义通过自我调节又具有了相对的适应性,推动了生产力的发展,这时候萨缪尔森又把工资和劳动联系起来了,他的工资理论虽然缺乏价值论基础,但是它说明了当今时代后工业阶段的现象,是有其存在合理性的。
Theory is a reflection of reality. Any economic theory is a reflection of the relations of production in a certain social stage. At the same time, economic theory will develop with the development of society. In class antagonistic society, economic theory also represents the interests of a certain class. Any society is in the process of development. Certain societies are in the ascendant stage at the beginning, and they are in a stage of declining at a certain time. The ruling class among them is revolutionary and progressive in the rising stage of society, and has reactionary and backwardness in the descending stage In the light of changes in the nature of the class, the economic theory that represents the interests of the ruling class should also change accordingly. At a certain stage, the interests of the class represented by it are consistent with the interests of the community and have a positive meaning when it is in conformity with the requirements of social development. On the contrary, it has a negative meaning. In the stage of industrialization, capitalism has gone through two stages, rising and falling. Both Smith and Ricardo are at an upward stage of capitalism and are economists in the capitalist uprising. Their views on labor goods are relatively reasonable in their time. However, since the inherent contradictions in the capitalist society have been exposed, Say’s insistence on the viewpoint of labor goods is incorrect. Say’s view on labor goods does not conform to the actual stage of capitalism’s decline and is of a defensive nature. It is a vulgar theory. Later, after the society entered into the post-industrial stage, capitalism also had a relative adaptability through self-regulation and promoted the development of the productive forces. At this time, Samuelson again linked wages to labor. Although his wage theory lacks value On the basis, but it shows that the phenomenon of post-industrial stage in today’s era, there is its existence is reasonable.