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目的 由于支气管哮喘 (简称哮喘 )是一种特应性疾病 ,且世界各地患病率差异很大 ,我们对北京、广州、香港三地儿童的呼吸道疾病及特应性疾病进行了比较 ,以确定特应性在哮喘发生中的作用。方法 在北京、广州、香港三城市的 9～ 11岁儿童中随机抽样 ,应用国际儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病研究 (ISAAC)第二阶段问卷 ,由 10 90 2名儿童的父母回答问卷并对 3 479名儿童进行皮肤检查及皮肤变应原点刺检查。结果 近年喘息、重度喘息 (说话受限 )、鼻 (眼 )结膜炎及肢体弯曲处皮炎的患病率 ,香港显著高于北京及广州。特应性发生率香港地区 (41 2 % )也高于北京 (2 3 9% )和广州(3 0 8% )。表明特应性与近年喘息高度相关 (OR =7 74,95 %CI=5 70～ 10 5 1)。对香港地区人群进一步分析发现 ,由内地移居香港的儿童 ,其过敏症状及特应性发生率显著低于香港地区出生儿童。结论 香港地区学龄儿童哮喘、变态反应性疾病患病率、特应性发生率最高。特应性是中国儿童哮喘发病的重要因素
Purpose Because bronchial asthma (asthma) is an atopic disease and prevalence varies widely across the world, we compared respiratory and atopic diseases in children in Beijing, Guangzhou and Hong Kong to determine The role of atopy in asthma. Methods A random sample of 9 to 11-year-old children in Beijing, Guangzhou and Hong Kong tri-cities was used to answer the questionnaire by parents of 10 902 children and 3 479 children were enrolled in the second phase of the ISAAC questionnaire. Children’s skin examination and skin allergens prick examination. Results In recent years, the prevalence rates of wheezing, severe wheezing (limited speech), nasal conjunctivitis and dermatitis in limb flexion were significantly higher in Hong Kong than in Beijing and Guangzhou. Atopy incidence was also higher in Hong Kong (41.2%) than Beijing (23.9%) and Guangzhou (38%). This suggests that atopy is highly correlated with wheezing in recent years (OR = 7 74,95% CI = 5 70 ~ 1051). A further analysis of the population in Hong Kong found that the children who migrated to Hong Kong from the Mainland had significantly lower rates of allergy and atopy compared with those born in Hong Kong. Conclusions Hong Kong school-age children have the highest prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases and atopy. Atopy is an important factor in the pathogenesis of asthma in children in China