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利用κ-ε两方程湍流模型建立了适应水轮机尾水管三维湍流的控制方程组,推导出用爱因斯坦求和下标所表示的三维控制方程在贴体坐标下的张量形式。应用有限差分法对控制方程进行了离散,编制了三维湍流的计算程序,计算方法和程序用三维弯管湍流的试验数据进行了验证。对尾水管的内部流场进行了计算,得到了尾水管中压力场及速度场分布以及尾水管中的回流和二次流现象。
The governing equations for three-dimensional turbulent flow in a draft tube of a hydraulic turbine are established by using the κ-ε two-equation turbulence model. The tensor forms of the three-dimensional governing equation represented by Einstein’s summing subscripts under the body coordinates are derived. The control equations were discretized by finite difference method. The calculation program of three-dimensional turbulence was established. The calculation method and program were verified by the experimental data of three-dimensional turbulence. The internal flow field of draft tube was calculated. The distribution of pressure field and velocity field in draft tube and the backflow and secondary flow in draft tube were obtained.