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近年来,油价疯狂上涨带来的高利润掩盖了我国石油企业存在的深层次问题,与国际石油公司相比,我国石油企业油气生产成本过高,这势必削弱了企业抗击低油价能力。从外部原因看,我国石油企业起步晚,缺乏足够优质经济可采储量,导致勘探、开发和生产成本激增。同时,由于历史原因,各油田企业背负的历史包袱非常沉重,其非生产成本费用几乎占据整个投资额30%以上。就像油气储量不等于产量一样,油气产量也不等于效益。油气储量资产价值具有不确定性,在不同条件下随着产品(油气)价格和开采技术变化,储量资产会发生增值或贬值。在价格严重低于价值的时候,降低生产成本最直接、最显著的方式无异于控制产量,因为那些毫无效益的产量已成为企业效益流失的“出血点”。
In recent years, the high profits brought by the crazy rise in oil prices have covered up the deep-seated problems in China’s oil companies. Compared with international oil companies, the high oil and gas production costs of Chinese oil companies undermine the ability of enterprises to fight low oil prices. From the external reasons, China’s oil companies started late, the lack of sufficient quality economically recoverable reserves, leading to the surge in exploration, development and production costs. At the same time, due to historical reasons, the historical burden on oilfield enterprises is very heavy, and their non-production costs account for almost 30% of the total investment. Just as oil and gas reserves do not equal output, the output of oil and gas does not equal benefits. The asset value of oil and gas reserves is uncertain. Under different conditions, as the price of products (oil and gas) and the change of mining technologies change, reserve assets may increase or decrease in value. The most direct and obvious way to reduce production costs is to control the output at a time when prices are far below value, because those ineffective outputs have become a “bleeding point” in the loss of profitability.