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为了明确林龄对杂交楝(印楝×苦楝)人工林土壤水土保持功能的影响,通过测定土壤持水能力、渗透能力和抗蚀能力来综合评价不同林龄杂交楝人工林保持水土功能。结果表明,随着杂交楝林龄增加,林地土壤孔隙结构得到改善、持水性能增加、渗透能力增大,提高了土壤水稳性指数,增加了土壤抗蚀性,土壤水土保持功能得到增强。3年生杂交楝林分的土壤持水性能、渗透能力和抗蚀性与1年生林分之间无显著差异,5年生杂交楝林地各指标均比1年生和3年生林分有显著提高。5年生杂交楝林地的土壤最大持水量、总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、平均渗透速率和水稳性指数分别比1年生林地增加18.6%、11.4%、19.8%、45%、30.1%。因此,种植杂交楝可以在短期内提高林分的土壤水土保持功能,在山地丘陵地区值得大力发展杂交楝。
In order to clarify the effect of stand age on soil water and soil conservation function of hybrid Neem (Melia azedarach) plantations, the function of water and soil conservation was evaluated comprehensively by measuring soil water holding capacity, infiltration capacity and corrosion resistance. The results showed that with the increase of age, the pore structure of forest soil was improved, the water-holding capacity was increased, the infiltration capacity was increased, the soil water stability index was increased, the soil corrosion resistance was increased, and the soil water and soil conservation function was enhanced. There was no significant difference in the soil water holding capacity, infiltration capacity and corrosion resistance between the three-year-old hybrid tree and the one-year-old stand. The indexes of the five-year-old hybrid stand were significantly higher than those of the one-year and three-year stands. The maximum soil water holding capacity, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, average infiltration rate and water stability index of the 5-year-old hybrid Melia azedarach increased by 18.6%, 11.4%, 19.8%, 45% and 30.1% Therefore, the cultivation of hybrid neem can improve the function of soil and water conservation of forest stand in the short term, and it is worth to vigorously develop hybrid neem in the hilly area.