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Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the expressions of Survivin and Caspase-3 in the hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) and the paracancerous liver tissues,and define the relationship between the expression and the patients survival rate after surgery.Methods: The expressions of PCNA, Survivin and Caspase-3 were detected by immuno-histochemistry.PCNA positive level was used to account proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferating index (PCNA-PI).The apoptosis index of HCC tissues was detected by TUNEL.Results: The expression of Survivin in HCC tissue was higher than that in paracancerous tissue (P<0.05), while it was related with portal vein thrombosis, tumor size and histological differentia-tion (P<0.05).In HCC tissues, the PCNA-PI of the Survivin positive group was higher than the negative (P<0.05) group,and the AI of the Survivin positive group was lower than the negative group (P<0.05).The expression of Caspasse-3 in HCC tissue was lower than that in paracancarous tissue (P<0.05), while it was related with HBsAg and histological differentiation (P<0.05).In HCC tissues, the average PCNA-PI of the Caspase-3 positive group was lower than that of the negative group (P<0.05), and the average AI of the Caspase-3 positive group was higher than that of the negative group (P<0.05).There was negative correlation between the expressions of Survivin and Caspase-3 in HCC (r=-0.242, P<0.05).The survival rate of the Survivin positive group was lower than that of the negative group (P<0.05), while that of the Caspase-3 positive patients was higher than that of the negative group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The expressions of Survivin and Caspase-3 in HCC can reflex the biological behavior of HCC and patients prognosis, they may be new targets of tumor diagnosis and treatment.