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作为环境致癌的原因之一,饮食仅次于吸烟。人类饮食致癌作用的发现主要依靠流行病学调查、动物实验和体外试验。加工过的食品对致癌作用的影响仅是近年开始认识到的。黄曲霉素是花生被污染了的霉的产物,可能是某些人群肝细胞癌致病的主要原因。乙醇本身缺乏致癌力,但有增强吸烟的效力以诱发上呼吸道癌或食管癌。酒精这种特有的作用是由于提高局部吸收香烟的能力。在致癌过程中,由于酒精与已知致癌物的协同作用,故将其称为辅致癌物质。流行病学和实验资料证实有些食物是人类的致癌物,其中有亚硝胺、热解氨基酸、食用脂肪、多环芳香族碳氢化合物。
As one of the causes of environmental carcinogens, diet is second only to smoking. The discovery of carcinogenic effects of human diet depends mainly on epidemiological investigations, animal experiments and in vitro experiments. The effect of processed foods on carcinogenesis is only recognized in recent years. Aflatoxin is a product of contaminated molds of peanuts and may be a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in some populations. Ethanol itself lacks oncogenicity, but enhances the effectiveness of smoking to induce upper respiratory or esophageal cancer. The unique effect of alcohol is due to the increased ability to absorb cigarettes locally. In the carcinogenic process, due to the synergistic effect of alcohol and known carcinogens, it is called a sub-carcinogen. Epidemiological and experimental data confirm that some foods are carcinogenic to humans, including nitrosamines, pyrolytic amino acids, edible fats, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.