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自愿承担风险原则是普通法中一项古老的侵权行为免责事由,其内涵是一个人明知危险的存在以及危险的种类、性质等,仍放任或希望损害在自己身上发生。自愿承担风险原则有利于限制加害人的责任,体现法律的公平正义,且有助于培养法律价值观念。但我国侵权责任法免责事由中未规定自愿承担风险原则。由于法官在司法实践中已经使用该原则并且我国也有其侵权法律基础,所以我国应当在美国侵权法自愿承担风险原则的构成要件基础上,加以完善,予以本土化。
Voluntarily assuming the principle of risk is the common law exemption from an ancient act of tort. Its connotation is that a person knows the existence of danger as well as the type and nature of the danger, and still lays aside or wishes to harm himself or herself. Voluntarily assuming the principle of risk helps limit the liability of perpetrators, reflects the fairness and justice of the law, and helps to cultivate legal values. However, China’s tort liability law does not provide for exemption voluntarily assume the principle of risk. Because the judge has already used this principle in judicial practice and our country also has the legal basis of infringement, our country should improve and localize the constituent elements of the principle of voluntarily assuming the risk of tort law in the United States.