一、上海建成航运中心的有利条件 上海处于沿海经济发展带与长江流域经济发展带的交汇点。通过这两大经济发展带,上海可发挥对全国的集聚和扩散效应,促使上海成为全国资金流、商品流、技术流、人才流和信息流集聚和扩散的中心。上海的区位优势和所依托的广阔的发展腹地,不仅在国内城市中是得天独厚的,而且也是世界各地城市中绝无仅有的。这为上海国际航运中心的建设奠定了先天的条件。 1.港口与水运 从上海经海运可驶达中国沿海南北各省,沿长江“黄金水道”上溯又可抵达长江流域的广大腹地。四通八达的内河、公路运输网,贯通着中国最为富庶的长江三角洲。 上海港现有公用和货主码头泊位274个,其中公有码头泊位140个,货主专用泊位134今,港口泊位数占全国沿海主要港口泊位数的五分之一;其中万吨级泊位87个,占沿海四分之一;1994年港口吞吐量1.65亿吨,占全国沿海主要港口吞吐量的三分之一。 2.空港 上海虹桥国际机场是全国最大的三个国际航空港之——,年接发旅客能力700万人次,而1994年实际旅客到发量达到871万人次。民航班机可直达北京、沈阳、广州、福州、成都、乌鲁木齐等30多个大中城市,国际航线可达日本、美国、加拿大、欧洲、新加坡、香港等国家和地区的15个大城市。 3.铁路与公路 沪宁、 I. The favorable conditions for Shanghai to build a shipping center Shanghai is at the crossroads of the coastal economic development zone and the economic development zone of the Yangtze River. Through these two major economic development zones, Shanghai can exert the effect of agglomeration and proliferation on the whole country, prompting Shanghai to become the center of national capital flow, commodity flow, technological flow, talent flow and information flow gathering and diffusion. Shanghai’s geographical advantages and the vast hinterland to be relied upon are not only unique to domestic cities but also unique to cities around the world. This has laid a natural condition for the construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center. 1. Ports and Water Transport From Shanghai to the provinces of the north and the south along the coast of China, it can be traced back along the “Golden Waterway” of the Yangtze River and reach the vast hinterland of the Yangtze River Basin. Extensive river, road transport network, through China’s most affluent Yangtze River Delta. There are 274 berths for public and cargo terminals in Shanghai Port, of which 140 are berths for public terminals and 134 for berths for cargo owners. The number of berths in port accounts for one fifth of the berths of major ports along the country’s coast; 87 of them are of 10,000-ton berth Quarter of the coastal area; in 1994, the port throughput reached 165 million tons, accounting for one-third of the throughput of major ports along the coast of China. 2. Airport Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport is the largest of the three international airports - the passenger capacity of 7 million passengers in turn, and in 1994 the actual passenger volume reached 8.71 million passengers. Civil Aviation flights can reach more than 30 large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Shenyang, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Chengdu and Urumqi. The international routes reach 15 major cities in Japan, the United States, Canada, Europe, Singapore, Hong Kong and other countries and regions. 3. Railway and road Huning,