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摘要[目的] 优化施秉县玉米氮、磷、钾肥配合施用,建立玉米施肥指标体系与施肥模式,提高化肥利用率,降低生产成本,提高玉米产量效益。 [方法] 分别在施秉县旱作土中、
关键词玉米;氮磷钾肥;最佳施肥量;肥料利用率
中圖分类号S513文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08147-03
Formula Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer under Different Yield Level of Maize in Shibing County
WU Mingbo et al(Shibing County Agricultural Bureau Soil and Fertilizer Station, Shibing, Guizhou 556299)
Abstract[Objective]The research aimed to optimize the cooridinate application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on maize in Shibing County, establish the indicator system of fertilization and fertilization mode, increase the fertilization ratio, reduce the production cost, and improve the maize yield and benefit. [Method] Maize 3414 fertilizer efficiency trial was conducted in dry farming field with middle and low fertility level in Shibing County. [Result]The optimum application amount in dry farming field with middle fertility level was nitrogen fertilizer 1986 kg/hm2, phosphorus fertilizer 146.7 kg/hm2, and potassium fertilizer 1911 kg/hm2.Under the condition, the optimum yield reached 7 755.6 kg/hm2. The optimum application amount in dry farming field with low fertility level was nitrogen fertilizer 1943 kg/hm2, phosphorus fertilizer 125.4 kg/hm2, and potassium fertilizer 1919 kg/hm2.Under the condition, the optimum yield reached 7 432.5 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] Soil testing and formulated fertilization in dry farming field with middle and low fertility, Shibing County could improve the maize yield obviously.
Key wordsMaize; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; Optimum fertilizer amount; Application rate of fertilizer
旱作土是施秉县主要耕作土之一,旱作土面积为8 340 hm2,常年种植玉米为3 000 hm2,玉米单产仅为4 800 kg/hm2,而中、低肥力水平的旱作土占施秉县旱作土的90%以上,挖掘其中、低肥力水平的旱作土玉米产量是提高玉米总产的重要途径。在施秉县不同区域进行玉米氮、磷、钾“3414”肥效试验,提出该县中、低肥力玉米产量水平氮、磷、钾的最佳施肥量,指导全县玉米生产施肥,使该县的玉米达到高产、稳产、优质。
1材料与方法
1.1 参试肥料及来源尿素46%,产自贵州赤天化有限公司;普通过磷酸钙16%,产自贵州瓮安弘扬化工有限公司;硫酸钾50%,产自苏州精细化工有限公司。
1.2施肥时期及养分比例的总体要求尿素30%作基肥,15%作苗肥,15%小喇叭口期施用,40%大喇叭口期施用。普钙全部作基肥一次性施用。硫酸钾60%作基肥,40%大喇叭口期施用。为保证试验施肥的均匀性,“3414”试验地不施有机肥。
1.3参试作物玉米品种为临奥1号等半紧凑型玉米品种。
参考文献
[1] 陈怀红.黄泥土玉米施肥模型研究[J].贵州农业科学,2009(9):48-50.
[2] 农业部.测土配方施肥技术规范(2011年修订版)[S/OL].http://www.docin.com/p-267010275.html
[3] 农业部种植业管理司,全国农业技术推广服务中心.测土配方施肥数据管理系统[EB/OL].http://www.doc88.com/p-386772406260.html.
[4] 贵州省土肥站.贵州省玉米施肥指标体系研究与应用[EB/OL].http://www.docin.com/p-476419136.html.
关键词玉米;氮磷钾肥;最佳施肥量;肥料利用率
中圖分类号S513文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08147-03
Formula Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer under Different Yield Level of Maize in Shibing County
WU Mingbo et al(Shibing County Agricultural Bureau Soil and Fertilizer Station, Shibing, Guizhou 556299)
Abstract[Objective]The research aimed to optimize the cooridinate application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on maize in Shibing County, establish the indicator system of fertilization and fertilization mode, increase the fertilization ratio, reduce the production cost, and improve the maize yield and benefit. [Method] Maize 3414 fertilizer efficiency trial was conducted in dry farming field with middle and low fertility level in Shibing County. [Result]The optimum application amount in dry farming field with middle fertility level was nitrogen fertilizer 1986 kg/hm2, phosphorus fertilizer 146.7 kg/hm2, and potassium fertilizer 1911 kg/hm2.Under the condition, the optimum yield reached 7 755.6 kg/hm2. The optimum application amount in dry farming field with low fertility level was nitrogen fertilizer 1943 kg/hm2, phosphorus fertilizer 125.4 kg/hm2, and potassium fertilizer 1919 kg/hm2.Under the condition, the optimum yield reached 7 432.5 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] Soil testing and formulated fertilization in dry farming field with middle and low fertility, Shibing County could improve the maize yield obviously.
Key wordsMaize; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; Optimum fertilizer amount; Application rate of fertilizer
旱作土是施秉县主要耕作土之一,旱作土面积为8 340 hm2,常年种植玉米为3 000 hm2,玉米单产仅为4 800 kg/hm2,而中、低肥力水平的旱作土占施秉县旱作土的90%以上,挖掘其中、低肥力水平的旱作土玉米产量是提高玉米总产的重要途径。在施秉县不同区域进行玉米氮、磷、钾“3414”肥效试验,提出该县中、低肥力玉米产量水平氮、磷、钾的最佳施肥量,指导全县玉米生产施肥,使该县的玉米达到高产、稳产、优质。
1材料与方法
1.1 参试肥料及来源尿素46%,产自贵州赤天化有限公司;普通过磷酸钙16%,产自贵州瓮安弘扬化工有限公司;硫酸钾50%,产自苏州精细化工有限公司。
1.2施肥时期及养分比例的总体要求尿素30%作基肥,15%作苗肥,15%小喇叭口期施用,40%大喇叭口期施用。普钙全部作基肥一次性施用。硫酸钾60%作基肥,40%大喇叭口期施用。为保证试验施肥的均匀性,“3414”试验地不施有机肥。
1.3参试作物玉米品种为临奥1号等半紧凑型玉米品种。
参考文献
[1] 陈怀红.黄泥土玉米施肥模型研究[J].贵州农业科学,2009(9):48-50.
[2] 农业部.测土配方施肥技术规范(2011年修订版)[S/OL].http://www.docin.com/p-267010275.html
[3] 农业部种植业管理司,全国农业技术推广服务中心.测土配方施肥数据管理系统[EB/OL].http://www.doc88.com/p-386772406260.html.
[4] 贵州省土肥站.贵州省玉米施肥指标体系研究与应用[EB/OL].http://www.docin.com/p-476419136.html.