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目的了解北京市海淀区工业企业职业危害现状,为职业病防治工作提供科学依据。方法对2010年该区126家不同行业及经济类型的工业企业的1749个作业点职业病危害因素进行检测,对222家企业的11784人进行职业健康检查,对其结果进行统计学分析。结果职业病危害因素检测结果显示,化学物质、粉尘及噪声检测点超标率分别为0.0%、8.4%、2.8%,其中仅粉尘检测点合格率与企业经济类型及行业有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。职业健康检查结果显示,接触化学因素、粉尘、噪声的人群健康指标异常检出率分别为0.2%、0.0%、22.4%,接触化学有害因素的异常人群以接触苯系物为主,仅噪声接触人群异常检出率与企业经济类型有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),化学物质和噪声接触人群异常检出率与行业有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该区职业病危害的重点是噪声接触行业,噪声行业应作为该区职业卫生监督和技术服务的重点对象。
Objective To understand the status quo of occupational hazards in industrial enterprises in Haidian District of Beijing and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods The risk factors of occupational diseases in 1,749 work sites of 126 industrial enterprises of different industries and economic types in 2010 in this area were tested. Occupational health examination was conducted on 11784 people in 222 enterprises, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The test results of occupational hazards showed that the over-standard rates of chemical substances, dusts and noise were 0.0%, 8.4% and 2.8% respectively, of which, the passing rate of only dust detection points was related to the economic type of the enterprises and the industry, with significant differences P <0.05). The results of occupational health examination showed that the abnormal detection rates of health indicators of people exposed to chemical factors, dust and noise were 0.2%, 0.0% and 22.4% respectively. The abnormal exposure to chemical harmful factors was mainly exposed to benzene series, The detection rate of abnormal population was related to the economic type of enterprises, with statistical significance (P <0.05). The detection rate of abnormalities in chemical substances and noise exposed people was related to the industry, with statistical significance (P <0.05). Conclusion The focus of occupational hazards in this area is the noise exposure industry, and the noise industry should be the focus of occupational health supervision and technical services in this area.