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“it”的用法及it引导的强调句型,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是高考题中的热点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:
1. It is/was+被强调部分+that…
① 该句型是强调句型。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that可以和who换用。如果把这种句型结构去掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是区别强调句型与其它从句的方法。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
大约在600年前第一个有表盘和表针的表被制造出来了。
It is he not you that (who) has cleaned the classroom. 是他而不是你打扫了教室。
② It is not until+被强调部分+that…
该句型主要用于强调时间状语,译成汉语“直到……才……”,“可以说是not…until…的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.=I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一个电影明星。
③ 强调句型的一般疑问句须将be的形式提前,放在句首。强调句型还可用特殊疑问句。如:
Was it the book of this kind that they liked in their childhoods?
他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗?
What was it that started the big fire in the building? 到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火?
【高考链接】
1) It was in New Zealand ____ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008全国II)
A. that B. how C. which D. when
2) It was not until midnight ____ they reached the camp site. (2008重庆卷)
A. that B. when C. while D. as
【典题解析】
以上两道高考题都是考查强调句型,答案均为A。1)考查强调句式的一般结构,强调了句中的地点状语。如果强调的主语、宾语是人,that可以由who换用。除此之外,都用that。2)考查not until 的强调句式。在该种句式中,否定词not必须置于强调部分。
2. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain…) that….
此句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,常译为“清楚(显然,真的,肯定……)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. 很明显他又高又胖像棵树。
3. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…
由于主句中的形容词不同,that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well. 我们学英语很重要。
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 记住那些单词很必要。
4. It is said (reported, learned…) that…
该句型中it仍是形式主语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说(据报道,据悉……)”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing. 据说他到了北京。
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
据报道又发射了一颗卫星。
【高考链接】 It has been proved ____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect youagainst serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海)
A. if B. because C. when D. that
【典题解析】该题考查主语从句。答案选D。句中的it为形式主语,真正的主语是that eating vegetables in…。
5. It is suggested (ordered…) that…
主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should 可以省略。常译为“据建议(有命令……)
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 人们建议推迟会议。
It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.
有人命令我们两个小时之内到达。
【高考链接】____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (2005上海)
A. What is requiredB. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
【典题解析】 答案C。该题考查形式主语。it为形式主语,that引导主语从句。因为谓语动词是require(要求),所以主语从句中用should虚拟语气。
6. It is a pity (a shame…) that…
从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省去。表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
真遗憾,这样的事情竟然发生在你们班。
7. It is time (about time, high time) that…
该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟。② 有时也用should+动词原形,should不能省。常译为“是(正是)……的时候……”。
It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed.
孩子们该上床睡觉了。
【高考链接】 Isn’t it time you got down to ____ the papers?(2006重庆)
A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
【典题解析】答案D。考生易误以为考查动词不定式结构而选A。其实本题考查短语get down to doing sth.的用法,意思是“开始认真对待某事”。注意句中的it isn’t time that…从句中用过去时或should+动词原形。
8. It is the first (second…) time that…
该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。如果主句是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果主句是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去;it有时用this/that替换。
It is the first time I have been here.=This is the first time I have been here.
我这是第一次来这里。
9. It is…since…
主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。
It is (has been) 5 years since his father died. 他父亲已经死去五年了。
【高考链接】 Scientists say it may be five or six years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. (2004福建)
A. since B. after C. before D. when
【典题解析】答案A。该题考查It is+时间段+since…句型,其意思是“自从……以来有一段时间了”。
10. It is…when…
该句型中when引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的it指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候,是……”。
It was 5 o’clock when he came here. 在五点钟他来这了。
【高考链接】
——Did Jack come back early last night?
——Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.(2005福建)
A. before B. when C. that D. until
【典题解析】 答案B。该题考查It is+时间点+when…的意思是“当……的时候/时间……”。
11. It be…before…
该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态。主句中的表语多是long, not long, 3 days, 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……之后……”。
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. 过了三天他去了北京。
It will be not long before he finishes his job. 不久他就会把活干完的。
【高考链接】
1) I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. (2008北京)
A. before B. since C. till D. after
2)The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again. (2007安徽)
A. after B. before C. since D. when
【典题解析】答案A、B。两题均考查It is+时间段+before…句型,其意思是“在……之前有一段时间”。
12. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…
该句型中it是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street.
碰巧在大街上遇到了他的老师。
It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来过几天他要回来了。
13. It takes sb. …to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”。
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
几万人花费了很多年的时间才修好了长城。
14. It is no good (use) doing sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是no good, (not any good), no use, (not any use)。
【高考链接】It is no ____ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
(2006全国II)
A. use B. help C. time D. way
【典题解析】答案A。此题考查It is no use/no good/useless…doing sth.的句式。
15. It doesn’t matter whether (if)…
该句型中whether (if) 引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为“不论(是否)……没关系”。
It doesn’t matter if they are old. 他们年纪大也没有关系。
【高考链接】Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what ____ is what they do with it.(2007 湖北)
A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions
【典题解析】答案A。count作不及物动词表示“重要”。注意题干中的it doesn’t matter固定句式结构。
16. It is adj. of/for sb. to do sth.
该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有:bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good(好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice(有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong(错误的)等。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易度,安全性等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有:①important, necessary, natural ② easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant等。
It is kind of you to visit me when I was ill. 感谢你在我生病时来看我。
It is important for her to come to the party.
=It is important that she(should) come to the party. 对她来说,出席这个晚会很重要。
【高考链接】
1)Would it be ____ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport? (2008山东)
A. free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient
2)Jack is late again. It is ____ of him to keep others waiting. (2008江西)
A. normal B. ordinary C. common D. typical
【典题解析】答案均为D。1) be convenient for sb. to do sth. 表示“某人做某件事方面”,形容词convenient说明不定式的性质;be typical of“是……的特点”,形容词typical说明所修饰词的特征。
17. It looks (seems) as if…
该句型中it无意义。as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为,“看起来好像……”,如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he is ill. 他好象是病了。(真的病了)
It looks as if he were ill. 他似乎病了。(没有生病)
It seemed as if he were dying. 他看起来要死了。
18. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了方便记忆我们可称该句型为“6123结构”:
6 指主句中常用的动词:think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;
1 指的是形式宾语it;
2 指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;
3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
They made it a rule to get up at 6:00 every morning. 他们定了一条规则每天6点钟起床。
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
他们发现很难在两天之内完成任务。
【高考链接】
1) He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
(2008山东)
A. though B. for C. but D. so
2)He didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.(2007天津)
A. this B. that C. it D. these
【典题解析】答案为B, C。1)考查for引导的并列句表原因。 注意题干中的find it+adj. to do的结构。2)考查形式宾语it。
19. It is (just) like sb. to do sth.
该句型为“某人(恰恰)是……这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满,若用否定式,则表示怀疑。
It was just like him to think of helping her.像他这样的人才会想到帮助她。
It isn’t like him to have said anything rude to you.
对你说粗话不像他那样的人所做的。
【高考链接】
——Was Martin sorry for what he’d done?
——____. It was just like him! (2007安徽)
A. Never mind B. All right C. Not really D. Not surprisingly
【典题解析】答案C。该题考查交际英语,同时也考查了省略句式,原句为He wasn’t really sorry for…注意题干中的It was just like him!意为:他恰恰是这个样子。
20. It is up to sb. to do sth.
该句型为“该由某人做……”。该句型中up后的to是介词。
It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。
It is up to parents to teach their children manners. 该由父母教孩子礼貌。
【高考链接】
——Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
——Thank you. ____. (2005江西)
A. It couldn’t be better B. Of course you can
C. If you like D.It’s up to you
【典题解析】答案A。该题考查交际英语。A项用否定的比较级表示最高级。
21. It is one’s turn to do sth.
该句型为“轮到某人做……”。不定式是句子的真正主语。
It is your turn to clean our classroom today. 该轮到你打扫教室了。
22. It is no wonder that…难怪……
在该句型中如果用肯定形式,表示“真奇怪,真是令人惊讶”;wonder前的no还可以用small等词替换,在口语中,It is…that可以省略。
It is a wonder that he refused such a good offer.让人惊奇的是,他拒绝这么好的帮助。
It is no wonder that he didn’t want to go.=No wonder he didn’t want to go. 难怪他不想走。
【高考链接】He hasn’t slept at all for three days.____ he is tired out. (2005湖北)
A. There is no point B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
【典题解析】答案C。It is no wander that…表示“难怪……”。
23. We are counting on it that you will come.
该句型中的it是一个形式宾语,表示模糊意思或代替后面that 引导的宾语从句。在从句前加上一个形式宾语it,常见的短语和动词有:count on(依靠,指望,期盼), see to(负责), depend on(依靠), rely on(信赖,依靠), look forward to(盼望),等等。
You may rely on it that she won’t be late.你可以相信她不会迟到的。
I’ll see to it that everything is ready. 我保证一切都准备好。
还有一些动词只能跟it+that从句而不能跟复合宾语。
I love/hate/like it that… 我喜欢/讨厌……
I have/take it that…认为,猜想
【高考链接】
1) I ____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. (2005江西)
A. make B. look C. take D. think
2)I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(2006山东)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
【典题解析】答案C, B。两个题均考查it作形式宾语的用法。1)中take it表示“认为,猜想”,代替that宾语从句;2)题中的it替代if引导的宾语从句。
24. it 常用的固定搭配
⑴ make it
a. 在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达。
It’s hard to make it to the top in show business. 演艺行业要达到顶峰是很不容易的。
【高考链接】
——I’m thinking of the test tomorrow. I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.
——____!I’m sure you’ll make it.(2006天津)
A. Go ahead B. Good luck C. No problem D. Cheer up
【典题解析】答案B。该题考查交际英语。Good luck表示祝愿对方的祝愿。注意题干中的make it, 其表示“成功做到……”。
b. 在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”。
——Shall we meet next week?我们下周见面好吗?
——OK. We just make it next Saturday. 好的。我们就定在下周六。
⑵ as it is…相当于in fact, in reality表示“事实上,实际情况是……”;相当于方式状语从句,表示“照原样”。
We had planned to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won’t finish it until next week. 我们本打算今天完成任务,但是事实上,我们下周才能完成。
【高考链接】
——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.
——____. The roads are too crowded as it is. (2005浙江)
A. All right B. Exactly C. Go ahead D. Fine
【典题解析】 答案B。该题考查表示同意对方的观点的交际英语。exactly“完全正确”。题干中的as it is表示“事实上”。
⑶ if it weren’t for…/if it hadn’t been for…用来引导虚拟语气,相当于without,or but for,表示“如果不是……,要不是……”。
If it weren’t for Tom, I wouldn’t be alive today. 如果不是因为汤姆,我今天恐怕早死了。
【高考链接】If it were not for the fact that she ____ sing, I would invite her to the party.(2006福建)
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
【典题解析】 答案C。虽然题干中用的虚拟语气,但是the fact表示的具体事实,因此用can’t。注意题干中的If it weren’t for…结构, 表示“如果不是,要是不是”。
⑷ As it happened,… 在口语中,相当于it’s a pity that…,表示“真不凑巧,真遗憾”。
As it happened, they were out. 真不凑巧,他们出去了。
⑸ As it turned out./It was turned out that.在口语中,相当于it was found to be in the end,表示“最后被证明是……”。
As it turned out, his statement was false.=It is turned out that his statement was false.
后来证明他说的话是假的。
⑹ Take it/things easy. 相当于Don’t worry or don’t hurry. 用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,沉住气”。
Just take it easy and tell me what exactly happened.
别紧张,确切的告诉我发生了什么事。
⑺ Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
Believe it or not,Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.
信不信由你,下周日汤姆要和玛丽结婚了。
【高考链接】
——It’s thirty years since we last met.(2006四川)
——But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
【典题解析】 答案B。该题考查同位语从句that用来说明the story。题干中的believe it or not表示“信不信由你”。
⑻ It all depends/that all depends 在口语中,相当于It hasn’t been decided yet.表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”。
——Are you going to the countryside for holiday? 你准备到农村度假吗?
——It/That all depends. 看情况而定。
【高考链接】
——How long are you staying?
——I don’t know. ____. (2004江苏)
A. That’s OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesn’t matter
【典题解析】答案C。It all depends/That all depends表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”。
⑼ It’s up to sb. 在口语中,相当于It’s decided by sb. 表示“由……决定,由……负责,取决于……”。
——Shall we go out for dinner? 我们出去吃饭好吗?
——It’s up to you. 由你来定。
⑽ It is occurred to me that…表示“使我突然想起……”。
Didn’t it occur to you that he might be late? 你当时没有想到他会迟到吗?
It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job.
我突然想到我们可以用电脑来做这项工作。
1. It is/was+被强调部分+that…
① 该句型是强调句型。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that可以和who换用。如果把这种句型结构去掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是区别强调句型与其它从句的方法。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
大约在600年前第一个有表盘和表针的表被制造出来了。
It is he not you that (who) has cleaned the classroom. 是他而不是你打扫了教室。
② It is not until+被强调部分+that…
该句型主要用于强调时间状语,译成汉语“直到……才……”,“可以说是not…until…的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.=I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一个电影明星。
③ 强调句型的一般疑问句须将be的形式提前,放在句首。强调句型还可用特殊疑问句。如:
Was it the book of this kind that they liked in their childhoods?
他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗?
What was it that started the big fire in the building? 到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火?
【高考链接】
1) It was in New Zealand ____ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008全国II)
A. that B. how C. which D. when
2) It was not until midnight ____ they reached the camp site. (2008重庆卷)
A. that B. when C. while D. as
【典题解析】
以上两道高考题都是考查强调句型,答案均为A。1)考查强调句式的一般结构,强调了句中的地点状语。如果强调的主语、宾语是人,that可以由who换用。除此之外,都用that。2)考查not until 的强调句式。在该种句式中,否定词not必须置于强调部分。
2. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain…) that….
此句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,常译为“清楚(显然,真的,肯定……)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. 很明显他又高又胖像棵树。
3. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…
由于主句中的形容词不同,that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well. 我们学英语很重要。
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 记住那些单词很必要。
4. It is said (reported, learned…) that…
该句型中it仍是形式主语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说(据报道,据悉……)”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing. 据说他到了北京。
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
据报道又发射了一颗卫星。
【高考链接】 It has been proved ____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect youagainst serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海)
A. if B. because C. when D. that
【典题解析】该题考查主语从句。答案选D。句中的it为形式主语,真正的主语是that eating vegetables in…。
5. It is suggested (ordered…) that…
主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should 可以省略。常译为“据建议(有命令……)
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 人们建议推迟会议。
It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.
有人命令我们两个小时之内到达。
【高考链接】____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (2005上海)
A. What is requiredB. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
【典题解析】 答案C。该题考查形式主语。it为形式主语,that引导主语从句。因为谓语动词是require(要求),所以主语从句中用should虚拟语气。
6. It is a pity (a shame…) that…
从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省去。表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
真遗憾,这样的事情竟然发生在你们班。
7. It is time (about time, high time) that…
该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟。② 有时也用should+动词原形,should不能省。常译为“是(正是)……的时候……”。
It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed.
孩子们该上床睡觉了。
【高考链接】 Isn’t it time you got down to ____ the papers?(2006重庆)
A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
【典题解析】答案D。考生易误以为考查动词不定式结构而选A。其实本题考查短语get down to doing sth.的用法,意思是“开始认真对待某事”。注意句中的it isn’t time that…从句中用过去时或should+动词原形。
8. It is the first (second…) time that…
该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。如果主句是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果主句是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去;it有时用this/that替换。
It is the first time I have been here.=This is the first time I have been here.
我这是第一次来这里。
9. It is…since…
主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。
It is (has been) 5 years since his father died. 他父亲已经死去五年了。
【高考链接】 Scientists say it may be five or six years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. (2004福建)
A. since B. after C. before D. when
【典题解析】答案A。该题考查It is+时间段+since…句型,其意思是“自从……以来有一段时间了”。
10. It is…when…
该句型中when引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的it指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候,是……”。
It was 5 o’clock when he came here. 在五点钟他来这了。
【高考链接】
——Did Jack come back early last night?
——Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.(2005福建)
A. before B. when C. that D. until
【典题解析】 答案B。该题考查It is+时间点+when…的意思是“当……的时候/时间……”。
11. It be…before…
该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态。主句中的表语多是long, not long, 3 days, 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……之后……”。
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. 过了三天他去了北京。
It will be not long before he finishes his job. 不久他就会把活干完的。
【高考链接】
1) I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. (2008北京)
A. before B. since C. till D. after
2)The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again. (2007安徽)
A. after B. before C. since D. when
【典题解析】答案A、B。两题均考查It is+时间段+before…句型,其意思是“在……之前有一段时间”。
12. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…
该句型中it是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street.
碰巧在大街上遇到了他的老师。
It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来过几天他要回来了。
13. It takes sb. …to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”。
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
几万人花费了很多年的时间才修好了长城。
14. It is no good (use) doing sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是no good, (not any good), no use, (not any use)。
【高考链接】It is no ____ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
(2006全国II)
A. use B. help C. time D. way
【典题解析】答案A。此题考查It is no use/no good/useless…doing sth.的句式。
15. It doesn’t matter whether (if)…
该句型中whether (if) 引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为“不论(是否)……没关系”。
It doesn’t matter if they are old. 他们年纪大也没有关系。
【高考链接】Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what ____ is what they do with it.(2007 湖北)
A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions
【典题解析】答案A。count作不及物动词表示“重要”。注意题干中的it doesn’t matter固定句式结构。
16. It is adj. of/for sb. to do sth.
该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有:bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good(好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice(有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong(错误的)等。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易度,安全性等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有:①important, necessary, natural ② easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant等。
It is kind of you to visit me when I was ill. 感谢你在我生病时来看我。
It is important for her to come to the party.
=It is important that she(should) come to the party. 对她来说,出席这个晚会很重要。
【高考链接】
1)Would it be ____ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport? (2008山东)
A. free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient
2)Jack is late again. It is ____ of him to keep others waiting. (2008江西)
A. normal B. ordinary C. common D. typical
【典题解析】答案均为D。1) be convenient for sb. to do sth. 表示“某人做某件事方面”,形容词convenient说明不定式的性质;be typical of“是……的特点”,形容词typical说明所修饰词的特征。
17. It looks (seems) as if…
该句型中it无意义。as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为,“看起来好像……”,如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he is ill. 他好象是病了。(真的病了)
It looks as if he were ill. 他似乎病了。(没有生病)
It seemed as if he were dying. 他看起来要死了。
18. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了方便记忆我们可称该句型为“6123结构”:
6 指主句中常用的动词:think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;
1 指的是形式宾语it;
2 指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;
3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
They made it a rule to get up at 6:00 every morning. 他们定了一条规则每天6点钟起床。
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
他们发现很难在两天之内完成任务。
【高考链接】
1) He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
(2008山东)
A. though B. for C. but D. so
2)He didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.(2007天津)
A. this B. that C. it D. these
【典题解析】答案为B, C。1)考查for引导的并列句表原因。 注意题干中的find it+adj. to do的结构。2)考查形式宾语it。
19. It is (just) like sb. to do sth.
该句型为“某人(恰恰)是……这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满,若用否定式,则表示怀疑。
It was just like him to think of helping her.像他这样的人才会想到帮助她。
It isn’t like him to have said anything rude to you.
对你说粗话不像他那样的人所做的。
【高考链接】
——Was Martin sorry for what he’d done?
——____. It was just like him! (2007安徽)
A. Never mind B. All right C. Not really D. Not surprisingly
【典题解析】答案C。该题考查交际英语,同时也考查了省略句式,原句为He wasn’t really sorry for…注意题干中的It was just like him!意为:他恰恰是这个样子。
20. It is up to sb. to do sth.
该句型为“该由某人做……”。该句型中up后的to是介词。
It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。
It is up to parents to teach their children manners. 该由父母教孩子礼貌。
【高考链接】
——Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
——Thank you. ____. (2005江西)
A. It couldn’t be better B. Of course you can
C. If you like D.It’s up to you
【典题解析】答案A。该题考查交际英语。A项用否定的比较级表示最高级。
21. It is one’s turn to do sth.
该句型为“轮到某人做……”。不定式是句子的真正主语。
It is your turn to clean our classroom today. 该轮到你打扫教室了。
22. It is no wonder that…难怪……
在该句型中如果用肯定形式,表示“真奇怪,真是令人惊讶”;wonder前的no还可以用small等词替换,在口语中,It is…that可以省略。
It is a wonder that he refused such a good offer.让人惊奇的是,他拒绝这么好的帮助。
It is no wonder that he didn’t want to go.=No wonder he didn’t want to go. 难怪他不想走。
【高考链接】He hasn’t slept at all for three days.____ he is tired out. (2005湖北)
A. There is no point B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
【典题解析】答案C。It is no wander that…表示“难怪……”。
23. We are counting on it that you will come.
该句型中的it是一个形式宾语,表示模糊意思或代替后面that 引导的宾语从句。在从句前加上一个形式宾语it,常见的短语和动词有:count on(依靠,指望,期盼), see to(负责), depend on(依靠), rely on(信赖,依靠), look forward to(盼望),等等。
You may rely on it that she won’t be late.你可以相信她不会迟到的。
I’ll see to it that everything is ready. 我保证一切都准备好。
还有一些动词只能跟it+that从句而不能跟复合宾语。
I love/hate/like it that… 我喜欢/讨厌……
I have/take it that…认为,猜想
【高考链接】
1) I ____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. (2005江西)
A. make B. look C. take D. think
2)I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(2006山东)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
【典题解析】答案C, B。两个题均考查it作形式宾语的用法。1)中take it表示“认为,猜想”,代替that宾语从句;2)题中的it替代if引导的宾语从句。
24. it 常用的固定搭配
⑴ make it
a. 在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达。
It’s hard to make it to the top in show business. 演艺行业要达到顶峰是很不容易的。
【高考链接】
——I’m thinking of the test tomorrow. I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.
——____!I’m sure you’ll make it.(2006天津)
A. Go ahead B. Good luck C. No problem D. Cheer up
【典题解析】答案B。该题考查交际英语。Good luck表示祝愿对方的祝愿。注意题干中的make it, 其表示“成功做到……”。
b. 在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”。
——Shall we meet next week?我们下周见面好吗?
——OK. We just make it next Saturday. 好的。我们就定在下周六。
⑵ as it is…相当于in fact, in reality表示“事实上,实际情况是……”;相当于方式状语从句,表示“照原样”。
We had planned to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won’t finish it until next week. 我们本打算今天完成任务,但是事实上,我们下周才能完成。
【高考链接】
——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.
——____. The roads are too crowded as it is. (2005浙江)
A. All right B. Exactly C. Go ahead D. Fine
【典题解析】 答案B。该题考查表示同意对方的观点的交际英语。exactly“完全正确”。题干中的as it is表示“事实上”。
⑶ if it weren’t for…/if it hadn’t been for…用来引导虚拟语气,相当于without,or but for,表示“如果不是……,要不是……”。
If it weren’t for Tom, I wouldn’t be alive today. 如果不是因为汤姆,我今天恐怕早死了。
【高考链接】If it were not for the fact that she ____ sing, I would invite her to the party.(2006福建)
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
【典题解析】 答案C。虽然题干中用的虚拟语气,但是the fact表示的具体事实,因此用can’t。注意题干中的If it weren’t for…结构, 表示“如果不是,要是不是”。
⑷ As it happened,… 在口语中,相当于it’s a pity that…,表示“真不凑巧,真遗憾”。
As it happened, they were out. 真不凑巧,他们出去了。
⑸ As it turned out./It was turned out that.在口语中,相当于it was found to be in the end,表示“最后被证明是……”。
As it turned out, his statement was false.=It is turned out that his statement was false.
后来证明他说的话是假的。
⑹ Take it/things easy. 相当于Don’t worry or don’t hurry. 用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,沉住气”。
Just take it easy and tell me what exactly happened.
别紧张,确切的告诉我发生了什么事。
⑺ Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
Believe it or not,Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.
信不信由你,下周日汤姆要和玛丽结婚了。
【高考链接】
——It’s thirty years since we last met.(2006四川)
——But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
【典题解析】 答案B。该题考查同位语从句that用来说明the story。题干中的believe it or not表示“信不信由你”。
⑻ It all depends/that all depends 在口语中,相当于It hasn’t been decided yet.表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”。
——Are you going to the countryside for holiday? 你准备到农村度假吗?
——It/That all depends. 看情况而定。
【高考链接】
——How long are you staying?
——I don’t know. ____. (2004江苏)
A. That’s OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesn’t matter
【典题解析】答案C。It all depends/That all depends表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”。
⑼ It’s up to sb. 在口语中,相当于It’s decided by sb. 表示“由……决定,由……负责,取决于……”。
——Shall we go out for dinner? 我们出去吃饭好吗?
——It’s up to you. 由你来定。
⑽ It is occurred to me that…表示“使我突然想起……”。
Didn’t it occur to you that he might be late? 你当时没有想到他会迟到吗?
It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job.
我突然想到我们可以用电脑来做这项工作。