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为了解铁岭市农村集中式供水基本情况、饮用水重金属水平,并评价其潜在健康风险,于2015年对辽宁某市农村地区108个集中式供水水厂调查基本信息;采集水样,检测6种重金属水平,并运用美国环保局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型对通过饮水途径引起的健康风险进行初评。结果显示,调查的108个农村集中式供水,水源类型中92.6%为深井,供水方式中87.0%为未处理。饮用水中As、Cd、六价铬、Pb、Fe、Mn水平(中位数)分别为5.0×10~(-4)mg/L、2.5×10~(-4)mg/L、2.0×10~(-3)mg/L、1.25×10~(-3)mg/L、2.5×10~(-2)mg/L、5.0×10~(-3)mg/L。除Mn的合格率略低(96.7%)外,水样中As、Cd、六价铬、Pb、Fe的水平均合格。化学致癌物As、Cd、六价铬经饮水途径平均个人年健康风险值分别为2.4×10~(-6)/年、4.9×10~(-7)/年、2.6×10~(-5)/年,健康风险值总和为2.889×10~(-5)/年。非致癌物质Pb、Fe、Mn经饮水途径平均个人年健康风险值分别为2.9×10~(-10)/年、2.7×10~(-11)/年、1.2×10~(-11)/年,健康风险值总和为3.29×10~(-10)/年。该市农村集中式供水需进一步完善水质处理工艺。饮用水中重金属经饮水途径所致的个人健康风险处于可接受水平。
In order to understand the basic situation of centralized water supply in rural areas of Tieling and the levels of heavy metals in drinking water and assess their potential health risks, basic information was collected from 108 centralized water supply factories in rural areas of a certain city of Liaoning in 2015; water samples were collected and 6 Heavy metals, and use the health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to make an initial assessment of the health risks caused by the drinking water route. The results showed that of the 108 rural centralized water supply and water source types surveyed, 92.6% were deep wells and 87.0% of the water supply methods were untreated. The levels of As, Cd, Cr (VI), Pb, Fe and Mn in drinking water were 5.0 × 10 -4 mg / L, 2.5 × 10 -4 mg / L and 2.0 × The results showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the control group (P <0.05). In addition to the pass rate of Mn slightly lower (96.7%), the water samples of As, Cd, hexavalent chromium, Pb, Fe levels were qualified. The average personal annual health risks of chemical carcinogens As, Cd and hexavalent chromium via drinking water route were 2.4 × 10 -6 / year, 4.9 × 10 -7 / year, 2.6 × 10 -5 ) / Year, the sum of health risk is 2.889 × 10 -5 / year. The average individual health risks of non-carcinogenic Pb, Fe and Mn via drinking water route were 2.9 × 10 -10 / year, 2.7 × 10 -11 / year and 1.2 × 10 -11 / Year, the sum of health risk value is 3.29 × 10 -10 / year. The city of rural water supply needs to be further improved water treatment process. The personal health risk of drinking water caused by drinking water is at an acceptable level.