领导者在领导活动中既要精明又要糊涂,看似矛盾,实则对立统一,相辅相成,是当前合格领导者必须具备的领导艺术之一。领导者需要精明是由其担负的领导职能决定的。领导活动是一项复杂的系统工程。领导者率领组织成员实现组织目标,主要借助决策、导向、协调和控制手段来进行。这些手段,一方面受制于领导者的权力因素和非权力因素,另一方面又要 Leader in the leadership activities should be both smart and confused, seemingly contradictory, but in reality the unity of opposites, complement each other, is currently qualified leaders must possess one of the leading arts. The need for leaders to be smart is determined by their leadership role. Leadership is a complex system engineering. Leaders lead organizational members to achieve organizational goals, mainly by means of decision-making, guidance, coordination and control. These measures, on the one hand subject to the power of the leaders and non-power factors, on the other hand