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目的:比较舒肝解郁胶囊治疗抑郁症前后候选基因的表达水平变化，分析其与抑郁症状、认知功能的相关性。寻找和明确与舒肝解郁胶囊药效相关的生物标志物。方法:经舒肝解郁胶囊治疗前后的27例轻中度抑郁患者(mild to moderate depression，MMD)分别使用24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(24 items hamilton depression rating scale，HAMD-24)评估抑郁严重程度，韦氏智力量表中国修订版(Chinese revised Wechsler adult intelligence scale，WAIS-RC)和韦氏记忆量表中国修订版(Chinese revised Wechsler memory scale，WMS)评估认知功能，然后采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测舒肝解郁胶囊治疗前后抑郁症患者外周血候选基因的表达水平。最后，对其基因表达和临床资料进行相关性分析及疗效评价判定。统计分析采用SPSS 25.0软件，采用配对n t检验、非参数检验、Spearman相关分析、受试者工作特征曲线进行数据统计。n 结果:MMD患者经舒肝解郁胶囊治疗后，HAMD-24评分降低[基线：14.00(9.75，18.25)分，8周：4.00(2.00，7.25)分，n Z＝-4.462，n P<0.01]，WMS言语智商升高[基线(123.00±10.24)分，8周(128.00±6.77)分，n t＝4.372，n P<0.01]；脑源性生长因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF)[基线：1.68(0.92，2.63)，8周：2.30(1.47，4.34)，n Z＝-2.781，n P＝0.005]、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子[基线：0.74(0.31，1.15)，8周：0.97(0.50，1.71)，n Z＝-2.159，n P＝0.031]、5-羟色胺2A受体[基线：0.60(0.39，1.60)，8周：0.98(0.44，2.29)，n Z＝-1.994，n P＝0.046]和谷氨酸离子型受体AMPA型亚基1[基线：1.19(0.66，2.40)，8周：1.76(0.86，4.13)，n Z＝-2.756，n P＝0.006]基因表达升高。BDNF表达变化率与HAMD-24评分(n r＝-0.35，n P＝0.038)和操作智商(n r＝0.40，n P＝0.022)显著相关。n 结论:BDNF可能作为舒肝解郁胶囊治疗MMD患者临床症状和认知功能的一个疗效标志物，用于评估抗抑郁疗效。“,”Objective:To compare the expression levels of candidate genes before and after Shuganjieyu capsule treatment, to analyze their correlation with depression symptoms and cognitive function, and to find and clarify the biomarkers related to the efficacy of Shuganjieyu capsule.Methods:Among 27 patients with mild to moderate depression (MMD), 24 items Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24) was used to assess the severity of depression, Chinese revised Wechsler adult intelligence scale(WAIS-RC) and Chinese revised Wechsler memory scale(WMS) were used to assess cognitive function, and qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of candidate genes in peripheral blood of patients with depression before and after treatment with Shuganjieyu capsule.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, paired n t-test, non-parametric test, Spearman correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for data statistics.n Results:The symptoms of MMD patients were relieved after Shuganjieyu capsule treatment(HAMD scores: baseline 14.00(9.75, 18.25), 8-week 4.00(2.00, 7.25), n Z=-4.462, n P<0.01), and the verbal intelligence quotient(VIQ) of WMS was puomoved (VIQ scores: baseline (123.00±10.24), 8-week (128.00±6.77),n t=4.372, n P<0.01). The level of gene expression brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) (baseline 1.68(0.92, 2.63), 8-week 2.30(1.47, 4.34),n Z=-2.781, n P=0.005), glial cell derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) (baseline 0.74(0.31, 1.15), 8-week 0.97(0.50, 1.71), n Z=-2.159, n P=0.031), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A(HTR2A) (baseline 0.60(0.39, 1.60), 8-week 0.98(0.44, 2.29), n Z=-1.994, n P=0.046) and glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1(GRIA1) (baseline 1.19(0.66, 2.40), 8-week 1.76(0.86, 4.13), n Z=-2.756, n P=0.006) was up-regulated after treatment.The change rate of BDNF expression were correlated with the score of HAMD-24 (n r=-0.35, n P=0.038) and performance intelligence quotient of WMS (n r=0.40, n P=0.022).n Conclusions:BDNF may be used as a therapeutic marker of Shuganjieyu capsule in the treatment of clinical symptoms and cognitive function of MMD patients, which is used to evaluate the efficacy of antidepressants.